{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:21:45Z","timestamp":1792264905408,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects approximately 2.9 million people in the world, exerting a significant economic and societal burden. The disease is increasingly identified among populations considered as uncommonly affected. MS is reported in all regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) member states in Africa, the Americas, South-East Asia, Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Western Pacific, affecting all ethnicities while exhibiting substantially variable prevalences. Countries with high MS prevalence and some with moderate frequencies generally have economically better structured healthcare systems. Nevertheless, health disparities in these countries are accentuated by suboptimal accessibility of care for their minorities, immigrants and other underserved populations. Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) might have an impact on morbidity and higher rates of disability. Large segments of the world population (i.e., African, Latin American, people from the Middle East and Southeast Asia) do not have access to adequate MS diagnostic procedures, compounded by reduced availability of neurologists. Healthcare disparities exist practically in every country of the world. Active wars and a large number of refugees resulting from conflict augments the challenges to healthcare systems. These global factors constitute obstacles to the adequate management of MS. A collective international path is required to facilitate access to highly effective, albeit onerous treatments, some already approved and being utilized, i.e., monoclonal antibodies and B-lymphocyte depletory agents, and others foreseen in the future as advanced therapeutic molecules continue to develop.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint18010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T16:19:26Z","timestamp":1766420366000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multiple Sclerosis: An Ethnically Diverse Disease with Worldwide Equity Challenges Accessing Care"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9475-8178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor M.","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa151","article-title":"Estimated and projected burden of multiple sclerosis attributable to smoking and childhood and adolescent high-body mass index. A comparable risk management","volume":"49","author":"Pakpoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Epid."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp14X682609","article-title":"What\u2019s new in multiple sclerosis?","volume":"64","author":"Dimitriv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720170011","article-title":"The prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the world: An update","volume":"22","author":"Rosati","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2025, November 05). Multiple Sclerosis International Federation. Available online: https:\/\/msif.org."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.06.010","article-title":"The immunogenetics of multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review","volume":"64","author":"Hollenback","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Autoimm."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2025, November 05). World Bank Blogs. Available online: https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00270-4","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple Sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald Criteria","volume":"24","author":"Montalban","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2025, November 05). Atlas of MS-3rd Edition. Available online: https:\/\/atlasofms.org."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"103935","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of multiple sclerosis in Benghazi, Libya","volume":"4055","author":"Zoubi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.11.038","article-title":"Economic burden of multiple sclerosis in Egypt: A societal perspective","volume":"37","author":"Zakaria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T13","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2024-080","article-title":"Current practices, challenges and future directions in multiple sclerosis management in Sub-Sahara Africa","volume":"27","author":"Aderinto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. MS Care"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2025, November 05). Prevalence and Incidence of MS. Available online: https:\/\/mscanada.ca."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000418","article-title":"Lower prevalence of multiple sclerosis in First Nations Canadians","volume":"8","author":"Marrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1029","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007035","article-title":"The prevalence of MS in the United States: A population-based estimate using health claims data","volume":"92","author":"Wallin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-1000-5","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis in African Americans","volume":"19","author":"Cipriani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182918cc2","article-title":"Incidence of multiple sclerosis in multiple racial and ethnic groups","volume":"80","author":"Brara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000112","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis in US minority populations: Clinical practice insights","volume":"5","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2025, November 06). International Monetary Fund. Available online: https:\/\/www.imf.org."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2025, November 05). Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2023, Available online: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2025\/demo\/p60-288.html."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3416","article-title":"Health disparities, inequities, social determinants of health in multiple sclerosis in the US: A review","volume":"78","author":"Amezcua","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2014.11.008","article-title":"Place of birth, age of immigration, and disability in Hispanics with multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Amezcua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2025, November 06). Hispanic Origin, Available online: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/topics\/population\/hispanic-origin.html."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.646","article-title":"Native ancestry is associated with optic neuritis and age of onset in Hispanics with multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Amezcua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"134","article-title":"Collaborative Multiple Sclerosis Group of Central America and Spanish Caribbean Region (CMSG). Multiple sclerosis in Central American and Spanish Caribbean Region: Should it be recognized as a Public Health problem?","volume":"3","author":"Gracia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000376","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis care in Latin America","volume":"82","author":"Rivera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2025, November 06). Percentage of Indigenous Population in Latin American Countries. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2025, November 05). The Indigenous World 2024: Mexico. Available online: https:\/\/iwgia.org."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"170","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis in Mexico. Hospital cases at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery","volume":"11","author":"Corona","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis in Mexico: A multicentro study","volume":"38","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"292631","article-title":"Absence of multiple Sclerosis and demyelinating diseases among Lacandonians, a pure Amerindian ethnic group in Mexico","volume":"2012","author":"Flores","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1159\/000204912","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of multiple Sclerosis in Panama (2000\u20132005)","volume":"32","author":"Gracia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1175","article-title":"LACTRIMS (Latin American Committee for Treatment and Research in MS) Conference","volume":"35","author":"Rivera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T21","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2024-086","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis in the Middle East and North Africa: Perspectives and challenges","volume":"27","author":"Costa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. MS Care"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-017-0086-4","article-title":"Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"7","author":"Sintzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2023.25","article-title":"Assesment of the vitamin D status and its determinants in young healthy students from Palestine","volume":"12","author":"Lenz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azami, M., YektaKosshali, M.H., Shohani, M., Khorshidi, A., and Mahmudi, L. (2019). Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Iran: A systemic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219466"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.04.033","article-title":"The prevalence of multiple sclerosis continues to increase in Kuwait","volume":"32","author":"Afroughani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlJumah, M., Bunyan, R., Al Otalbi, H., Al Towaijri, G., Karim, A., Al Malik, Y., Kalakatawi, M., Alrajeh, S., Al Mejally, M., and Algahtani, H. (2020). Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia, a descriptive study. BMC Neurol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-1629-3"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.20517\/2347-8659.2017.55","article-title":"Depresi\u00f3n severity and its predictors among multiple sclerosis patients in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Alhazzani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Society of Medicine (2024). Multiple Sclerosis in sub-Saharan Africa: Review of current trends and available literature. Archives, 12, 11.","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v12i11.6105"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000204194.47925.0d","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis frequency in Israel\u2019s diverse populations","volume":"66","author":"Alter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Johnson, K.P. (2010). The Remarkable Story of Copaxone. An Approach to the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, DiaMedica Publishing."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000093895","article-title":"Prevalence of multiple sclerosis door-to-door survey in Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey","volume":"27","author":"Alp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2025, November 07). How Medical Tourists in Turkey Balance Travel and Treatment. Forbes, 8 May 2025. Available online: https:\/\/www.forbes.com."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-021-00914-w","article-title":"Contribution of common risk variants to multiple sclerosis in Orkney and Shetland","volume":"29","author":"Barnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Gen."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"102657","article-title":"The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the Scottish Highlands: Prevalence, incidence and time to confirmed diagnosis and treatment initiation","volume":"47","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"375","article-title":"Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: Global trends, regional differences and clinical implications","volume":"59","author":"Kulakowska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pol. J. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01150","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1150","article-title":"Incidence rate and sex ratio in multiple sclerosis in Lithuania","volume":"9","author":"Valadkeviciere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyko, A., and Melnikov, M. (2020). Prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis n Russian Federation: 30 years of studies. Brain Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10050305"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"11","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis in Eastern Siberia: A 20-year prospective study in Novosibirsk","volume":"3","author":"Malkova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhurnal Nevrol. I Psikhiatrii Im. SS Korsakova"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2025, November 05). Russian MS Society. Available online: https:\/\/www.rumss.ru."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deigin, V.I., Poluektova, E.A., Beniashvili, A.G., Kozin, S.A., and Poluektov, Y.M. (2022). Development of peptide biopharmaceuticals in Russia. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040716"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parfitt, T. (2005). Russian scientists voice concern over \u201cstem-cell cosmetics\u201d. Lancet, 365, Available online: www.thelancet.com.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74795-4"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"(2025, November 05). European Multiple Sclerosis Platform. MS Facts. Available online: http:\/\/www.emsp.org\/about-ms."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514521503","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of demyelinating central nervous system disorders in urban Mangalore, South India","volume":"20","author":"Pandit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280211","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis is prevalent in the Zoroastrians (Parsis) of India","volume":"28","author":"Wadia","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2025, November 08). MS Society of India. Available online: https:\/\/www.mssocietyindia.org."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.164812","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis in India: An overview","volume":"18","author":"Singhal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T17","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2024-082","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis care in a low\/middle-income setting in south west India","volume":"27","author":"Pandit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mult. Scler. Care"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"614716","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis in Malaysia: Demographics, clinical features, and neuroimaging characteristics","volume":"2013","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Int."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"14690","article-title":"A comparison of multiple sclerosis disease characteristics across three genetically diverse Asian racial groups in Singapore","volume":"14","author":"Koh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"(2025, November 08). World of Genomics: Singapore, 5 September 2022. Available online: https:\/\/frontlinegenomics.com."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e209351","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209351","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of multiple sclerosis in China, 1990\u20132019","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260695.72980.b7","article-title":"A population-based survey of multiple sclerosis in Shanghai","volume":"68","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.11.006","article-title":"The clinical course of of multiple sclerosis patients in Hong Kong","volume":"268","author":"Lau","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/ncn3.12480","article-title":"Central nervous system demyelinating diseases in Hong Kong","volume":"9","author":"LI","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"(2025, November 08). China State Organizational Structure (CECC), National Medical Products Administration, Available online: https:\/\/english.nmpa.gov.cn."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology30010003","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis in Mongolia; the first study exploring predictors of disability and depression in Mongolian MS patients","volume":"30","author":"Jaalkhorol","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104696","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis over the past 20 years in northern Japan","volume":"73","author":"Houzen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00308-9","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis in the Japanese population","volume":"2","author":"Kira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106612","article-title":"Hotspots and trends in multiple sclerosis prevalence in Australia utilizing disease-modifying therapy prescription data","volume":"102","author":"Nevin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"(2025, November 08). MS Australia: Lifestyle and Risk Factors. Available online: https:\/\/www.msaustralia.org.au."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"(2025, November 08). MS Research Advocacy Cure. University of Tasmania. Available online: https:\/\/www.utas.edu.au."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"71","article-title":"Identifying multiple sclerosis in linked administrative health data in Aotearoa New Zealand","volume":"138","author":"Boven","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.1.43","article-title":"Ethnic and HLA patterns related to multiple sclerosis in Wellington, New Zealand","volume":"49","author":"Miller","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"(2025, November 08). MS in Deprived Populations. Multiple Sclerosis New Zealand. Available online: https:\/\/www.msnz.org.nz."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Link, J., Kockum, I., Lorentzen, A.R., Benedicte, A., Lie, B.A., Celius, E.G., Westerlind, H., Schaffer, M., Alfredsson, L., and Olsson, T. (2012). Importance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II alleles on the risk of multiple sclerosis. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036779"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0768-4","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis in Latin Americans: Genetic aspects","volume":"17","author":"Rivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"(2025, November 08). New Zealand Deprived Index Indicators. Available online: https:\/\/ehinz.ac.nz."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivera, V.M. (2018). Multiple sclerosis: A global concern with multiple challenges in an era of advanced therapeutic complex molecules and biological medicines. Biomedicines, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines6040112"},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2025, October 05). Model List of Essential Medicines-23rd List. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int."}],"container-title":["Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2035-8377\/18\/1\/2\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T05:10:48Z","timestamp":1766553048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2035-8377\/18\/1\/2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["neurolint18010002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurolint18010002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-8377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-8377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]}}}