{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:08:49Z","timestamp":1789585729798,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) share a bidirectional relationship: SDB may increase ICH risk, while ICH can induce or exacerbate SDB. However, the prevalence and characteristics of post-ICH SDB remain poorly defined. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of SDB among ICH survivors and examine associated clinical factors, including the relative burden of obstructive (OSA) versus central sleep apnea (CSA). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed across PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies assessing SDB in adults with ICH using American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) category 1\u20134 diagnostic devices were included. Random-effects models estimated pooled prevalence at varying apnea\u2013hypopnea index (AHI) thresholds, with subgroup analyses by setting, timing, geography, and diagnostic factors. Results: Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Pooled SDB prevalence was 85% (95% CI: 80\u201391%) at AHI &gt; 5, with 49% (95% CI: 42\u201357%) experiencing moderate SDB (AHI &gt; 15), and 21% (95% CI: 15\u201327%) experiencing severe SDB (AHI &gt; 30). The prevalence of OSA predominated 73% (95% CI: 64% to 82%),while CSA occurred in 5% (95% CI: 2\u20139%), corresponding to a pooled RR of 7.44 and OR of 53.08 for OSA versus CSA. Conclusions: SDB\u2014primarily OSA\u2014is highly prevalent following ICH, underscoring the need for early, routine screening and intervention to improve neurological and cardiovascular outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint18010019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T08:36:33Z","timestamp":1768898193000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Global Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Survivors: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2978-860X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhan","family":"Ishaq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Connected Care, Innovation & Implementation Research, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denny, M.C., Vahidy, F., Vu, K.Y.T., Sharrief, A.Z., and Savitz, S.I. 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