{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:04:02Z","timestamp":1793232242192,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through NITRA","award":["200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200110"]}]},{"name":"MNTR"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00dcB\u0130TAK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04w9kkr77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EU COST Actions TEATIME","award":["CA20135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA20135"]}]},{"name":"ANDRONET","award":["CA20119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA20119"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus mobility grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP\/CPPS) is a prevalent urological disorder characterized by persistent pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, and significant impact on quality of life. In addition to its clinical symptoms, CP\/CPPS is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, indicating complex neurobiological mechanisms. This review explores the mechanisms linking CP\/CPPS with affective disorders, emphasizing central nervous system alterations, dysregulation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis, and neuroimmune interactions. Evidence in-dicates that central sensitization, microglial and astrocytic activation, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1) contribute to maladaptive painemotion network interactions. Additionally, dysregulation of hormones and neurotransmitters may exacerbate both pain perception and mood disorders. Psychosocial factors, including stress, coping strategies, and cognitive-emotional processes, further modulate symptom severity and treatment outcomes, highlighting the importance of a biopsychosocial approach. Gaining a deeper understanding of the neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms behind anxiety and depression in CP\/CPPS can lead to more effective, multidimensional management strategies and enhance patient-centered care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint18040069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T11:38:26Z","timestamp":1776080306000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neurobiology of Anxiety and Depression in CP\/CPPS: A Narrative Review of Underlying Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7016-2334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neriman","family":"Ezgin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Physiology \u201cRichard Burian\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9499-3247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"\u0160utulovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Physiology \u201cRichard Burian\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilija","family":"Djuri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Physiology \u201cRichard Burian\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5302-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slavi\u0161a","family":"Milo\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Pristina in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7505-5466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Veskovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathophysiology \u201cLjubodrag Buba Mihailovic\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8921-6232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Du\u0161an","family":"Mladenovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathophysiology \u201cLjubodrag Buba Mihailovic\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1131-2328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ra\u0161i\u0107-Markovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Physiology \u201cRichard Burian\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5317-3827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivera","family":"Stanojlovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Physiology \u201cRichard Burian\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0806-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragan","family":"Hrn\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Physiology \u201cRichard Burian\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e073908","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-073908","article-title":"Chronic prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome)","volume":"383","author":"Healy","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.08.061","article-title":"Contemporary Management of Chronic Prostatitis\/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Magistro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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