{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:14:56Z","timestamp":1785428096802,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007592","name":"Al-Balqa Applied University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DSR-2023#611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DSR-2023#611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["DSR-2023#611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DSR-2023#611"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00qedmt22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with coagulation disorders, and coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters are frequently monitored in the acute stage of TBI. Methods: Using a rat closed head injury model, mild and severe TBIs were induced. Blood samples were obtained at five post-injury time points, including 1 day and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, to assess coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters, specifically prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), D-dimer, and fibrinogen. Results: In mild TBI, all hemostatic parameters remained largely within physiological ranges, despite minor statistical fluctuations in PT and PTT. Conversely, severe TBI resulted in significant elevations of PT (p = 0.00015) and PTT (p = 0.01) during the first week. Additionally, D-dimer levels increased significantly at week 2 (p = 0.024) and week 4 (p = 0.014) post-injury, surpassing the upper limit of normal. Although fibrinogen levels showed a significant increase at week 2 compared to the control group (p = 0.011), they remained within the normal reference range. Conclusions: While mild TBI is characterized by stable hemostatic markers, severe TBI demonstrates a clear and significant progression from acute coagulation activation to secondary fibrinolysis. These findings suggest that severe TBI-induced coagulopathy is a progressive event requiring extended longitudinal monitoring beyond the initial acute phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint18040073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:01:22Z","timestamp":1776686482000},"page":"73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy in Rat Models: Assessing Hemostatic Changes in Mild and Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4398-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Refat","family":"Aboghazleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrouq","family":"Al-Sabaileh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Nadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Aburayyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Saadaldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8446-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahiam","family":"Awadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7935-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Badawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4518-7059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mimas","family":"Al-Helalat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afnan","family":"Atiyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0550-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manal","family":"Udwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Latif","family":"Al-Houwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulraheem","family":"Alhourani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdalraman","family":"Al-eyadah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radwan","family":"Sabayleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesrin","family":"Seder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Long-term outcome in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A prospective observational study","volume":"71","author":"Zumstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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