{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:48:43Z","timestamp":1782276523492,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Eye-closure sensitivity (ECS) is a rare reflex epilepsy phenomenon characterized by epileptiform discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG), triggered by eye closure. It has been reported in all genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs), particularly in adolescents and adults. However, pediatric cases remain uncommon in the literature. Case Presentation: We report a 10-year-old previously healthy girl who presented with recurrent generalized tonic\u2013clonic seizures beginning at age nine. Seizures occurred every few months without identifiable triggers, lasting 1\u20132 min with complete loss of consciousness, limb stiffening, rhythmic jerking, and upward eye deviation. Her developmental history was unremarkable, with no family history of epilepsy or febrile seizures. Neurological examination was normal. Initial EEG revealed intermittent generalized spike-and-wave and polyspike-and-wave discharges at 3 Hz (range 2\u20134 Hz), triggered by eye closure, consistent with ECS. These discharges occurred immediately following both spontaneous and instructed eye closure, were more prominent during drowsiness, and resolved upon eye opening. The patient remained alert during these subclinical events. No photosensitivity or hyperventilation response was observed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal. The patient\u2019s electroclinical findings were most consistent with a GGE phenotype with prominent ECS. She was treated with levetiracetam and has remained seizure-free for approximately 1.5 years to date. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that ECS can present in pediatric patients with GGE primarily manifested as generalized tonic\u2013clonic seizures. EEG evaluation should include repeated eye-open\/close maneuvers to unmask ECS, particularly in children with suspected generalized seizures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint18070122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Rare EEG Finding of Eye Closure Sensitivity in a Child with Genetic Generalized Epilepsy: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Rayya Ali S.","family":"Almarwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Madinah 11211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas Muslih B.","family":"Alkalbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Madinah 11211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0195-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Toro","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1757","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009295","article-title":"Genetic generalized and focal epilepsy prevalence in the North American SUDEP Registry","volume":"94","author":"Verducci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.109825","article-title":"EEG in focal and generalized epilepsies: Pearls and perils","volume":"156","author":"Montenegro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2021.106628","article-title":"Eye closure sensitivity and genetic generalized epilepsies: A prospective study of 123 cases","volume":"173","author":"Yalcin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/15500594211040953","article-title":"Investigation of patients with eye closure sensitive epilepsy with magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"53","author":"Yildirim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. 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Neural Eng."}],"container-title":["Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2035-8377\/18\/7\/122\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:15:55Z","timestamp":1782274555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2035-8377\/18\/7\/122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["neurolint18070122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurolint18070122","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-8377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-8377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]}}}