{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:21:54Z","timestamp":1790871714069,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroSci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the degradation of dopaminergic pathways in the brain. As the population in the United States continues to age, it is essential to understand the trends in mortality related to PD. This analysis of PD\u2019s mortality characterizes temporal shifts, examines demographic and regional differences, and provides machine-learning predictions. Methods: PD-related deaths in the United States were gathered from CDC WONDER. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were collected, and trends were analyzed based on gender, race, region, age, and place of death. Annual percent change and average annual percent change were calculated using Joinpoint Regression program. Forecasts were obtained using the optimal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Results: Overall mortality rate due to Parkinson\u2019s increased from 1999 to 2022. Male gender, White race, Southern region, and older ages were associated with higher mortality compared to other groups. Deaths at home decreased and hospice deaths increased during the study period. Conclusions: This study highlights the increasing rate of PD AAMR and how it may become even more prevalent with time, emphasizing the value of increasing knowledge surrounding the disease and its trends to better prepare health systems and individual families for the burden of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci6010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T05:59:42Z","timestamp":1736920782000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Trends and Disparities in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Mortality in the United States with Predictions Using Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"Weresh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4080-9051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kallin","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Al-Salahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4446-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Services Hospital, Lahore 40050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Billion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9775-627X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakar","family":"Tauseef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5145-8626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Bin","family":"Abdul Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy147","article-title":"Is Parkinson\u2019s disease a lysosomal disorder?","volume":"141","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain A J. 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