{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:29:01Z","timestamp":1772893741396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroSci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between burning, xerostomia, dysgeusia and other subjective symptoms in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dental Polyclinic Split, Split, Croatia. A total of 71 patients with BMS, i.e., 60 women and 11 men, were included in the study. The patients were divided into four subgroups: burning (B), burning and xerostomia (BX), burning and dysgeusia (BD), burning, xerostomia and dysgeusia (BXD). The following data were collected from all patients: sociodemographic status, comorbidities, medications, characteristics of the burning, presence of other subjective symptoms, topography of the burning. The majority of patients with BMS were women (86.0%) with an average age of about 65 years. Gastrointestinal diseases were the most common comorbidity (48.35%), and the most commonly used medications were proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (29.8%). In the largest number of patients (N = 34), the burning symptom worsened in the evening hours (p = 0.059). The majority of BMS patients suffered from burning symptoms that occurred continuously (N = 54, 75.13%) and from an improvement (reduction\/cessation) of symptoms during meals (N = 54, 76.65%). Of the other subjective symptoms, changes in the morphology of the tongue (10.6%) and a feeling of swelling (9.1%) were the most common. The tongue was the most common localization (67.35%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant effect of female gender (p = 0.049) as a potential positive predictor in subgroup B. The sociodemographic and medical data collected cannot explain the different occurrence of symptoms in the four subgroups of patients with BMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci6020033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T03:59:06Z","timestamp":1744689546000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stratification of Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome in the Croatian Population: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Glavina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5008-8008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Trlaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-5130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinko","family":"Martinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-9816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonija","family":"Tadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Spit, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7494-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liborija","family":"Lugovi\u0107-Mihi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"Burning mouth syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Grushka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. 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