{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T06:49:56Z","timestamp":1772261396149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CMSC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroSci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: We aimed to quantify multiple sclerosis (MS)-related work productivity and to illustrate the longitudinal trends for relapses, disease progression, and utilization of health care resources in a nationally representative cohort of working North Americans living with MS. Background: The North American Registry for Care and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (NARCRMS) is a multicentered physician-reported registry which prospectively collects clinical information including imaging data over a long period of time from people with MS from sites across the U.S. and Canada. The Health Economics Outcomes Research (HEOR) Advisory Group has also incorporated Health-Related Productivity and Health Resource Utilization questionnaires, which collect information about health care economics of people with MS and its effects on daily life. Design\/Methods: This is a prospective observational study utilizing data from NARCRMS. Socio-demographic, clinical, and health economic outcome data were collected through previously validated and structured questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to calculate the relative odds of symptom impact, with a generalized logit link for number of relapses. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for time to first relapse. Results: Six hundred and eighty-two (682) people with MS were enrolled in NARCRMS and had completed the HEOR questionnaires at the time of the analysis. Among the participants, 61% were employed full-time and 11% were employed part time. Fatigue was the leading symptom reported to impact both work and household chores. Among the employed participants, 13% reported having missed work with a median of 6.8 (IQR: 3.0\u20139.0) missed hours due to MS symptoms (absenteeism), while 35% reported MS having impacted their work output (presenteeism). The odds of higher disease severity (EDSS 2.0\u20136.5 vs. 0.0\u20131.5) were 2.29 (95% CI = 1.08, 4.88; p = 0.011) times higher for participants who identified reduction of work output. Fatigue was the most identified symptom attributed to work output reduction. Among all participants, 33% reported having missed planned household work with a median of 3.0 (IQR: 2.0\u20135.0) hours. The odds of higher disease severity were 2.49 (95% CI = 1.37, 4.53; p = 0.006) times higher for participants who identified reduction in household work output, and 1.70 (CI = 1.27, 2.49; p = 0.006) times higher for those whose fatigue affected housework output as compared to other symptoms. Conclusions: A preliminary review of the first 682 patients showed that people with MS had reduced work and housework productivity even at an early disease state. Multiple sclerosis (MS) can significantly impair individuals\u2019 ability to function fully at work and at home, with fatigue overwhelmingly identified as the primary contributing factor. The economic value of finding an effective treatment for MS-related fatigue is substantial, underscoring the importance of these findings for policy development, priority setting, and the strategic allocation of healthcare resources for this chronic and disabling condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci6030082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T15:57:47Z","timestamp":1755878267000},"page":"82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Work Productivity: A Preliminary Look at the North American Registry for Care and Research in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ahya","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kottil","family":"Rammohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June","family":"Halper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC), Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrie","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Octave Bioscience, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara McCurdy","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social & Scientific Systems, DLH Holdings Corp. Company, Silver Springs, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social & Scientific Systems, DLH Holdings Corp. Company, Silver Springs, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Wilkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social & Scientific Systems, DLH Holdings Corp. Company, Silver Springs, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Mao-Draayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the NARCRMS Healthcare Economics Outcomes Research Advisory Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30443-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Wallin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182872855","article-title":"Disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"80","author":"Kister","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2012-053","article-title":"Natural History of Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Kister","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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