{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:57:06Z","timestamp":1789527426626,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroSci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accessible, dependable cognitive assessment is integral to patient care of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Traditional neuropsychological tests are well validated in the multiple sclerosis (MS) population, but not without limitations, such as the time and financial cost associated with traditional in person administration. Recent endeavors have sought to refine assessment, with particular attention to psychometric properties, accessibility, efficiency, and other practical considerations. One approach has been to streamline neuropsychological batteries to brief measures of essential domains, such as the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS). Another approach is the use of computerized neuropsychological assessment devices (CNADs). A systematic review of CNADs in PwMS was published in 2019. However, research has continued to expand in the years since. Here, we present an updated review of the BICAMS and further development of CNADs in MS. Tests with strong psychometric foundations are highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci6030087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T14:53:01Z","timestamp":1757083981000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An Update on New Approaches to Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7280-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Balconi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1128-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn","family":"Langdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9432-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bishal","family":"Dhakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph H. B.","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0041-4","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Filippi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. 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