{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:31:13Z","timestamp":1777483873541,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroSci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) frequently experience dysphagia, which affects their quality of life. The swallowing disturbance questionnaire (SDQ) has demonstrated potential in screening dysphagia in different disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of SDQ in PwMS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 198 PwMS were enrolled. The translation of SDQ into Persian was performed using the forward\u2013backward method. Participants completed both the SDQ and the Dysphagia in Multiple Sclerosis (DYMUS) questionnaires. Convergent validity was assessed using the Spearman correlation, construct validity was evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), and reliability was assessed by Cronbach\u2019s alpha. Screening ability was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, using DYMUS as the reference measure. Results: The Persian SDQ showed high internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha = 0.913) after removing one item. PCA revealed a single dominant factor accounting for 49.4% of the variance. The 14-item SDQ correlated strongly with both DYMUS (Spearman\u2019s rho = 0.62, p &lt; 0.001) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (Spearman\u2019s rho = 0.388, p &lt; 0.001). The area under the curve of 0.957 revealed high screening power with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 88.9%. Conclusions: The Persian SDQ is a valid and reliable tool for early detection and quick monitoring of dysphagia in PwMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci6040111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1762175714000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation and Interpretation of the Persian Version of the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Omid","family":"Mirmosayyeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Vaheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aysa","family":"Shaygannejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aynaz","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Shaygannejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00239-2","article-title":"Comprehensive approach to management of multiple sclerosis: Addressing invisible symptoms\u2014A narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Lakin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. 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