{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:19:21Z","timestamp":1774066761579,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroSci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Duropathies encompass a spectrum of disorders linked to spinal dural tears and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, resulting in significant neurological manifestations. This review synthesizes the current literature on duropathies, focusing on their anatomical and pathophysiological aspects, including conditions such as superficial siderosis, spontaneous intracranial hypotension, and spinal cord herniation. The methodologies employed include comprehensive evaluations through neuroimaging techniques such as MRI and CT myelography, alongside clinical assessments of symptoms like ataxia, hearing loss, and cognitive impairment. Key findings highlight the prevalence of dural defects in patients with superficial siderosis and the association of persistent CSF leaks with various neurological impairments. The review emphasizes the need for a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approach to enhance patient management and improve outcomes. By addressing the interrelated nature of these conditions, the study underscores the importance of early intervention to mitigate long-term neurological consequences. Overall, the findings advocate for further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying duropathies and the development of effective treatment strategies, ultimately aiming to improve the quality of life for affected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci6040115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T16:46:22Z","timestamp":1763138782000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Duropathies: A Narrative Overview of a Neglected Concept\u2014Part One: Anatomical, Embryological, and Pathophysiological Elements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7530-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Zedde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria L ocale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0512-9298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Pascarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, AULSS 5 Polesana, 45100 Rovigo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e272","article-title":"Beyond superficial siderosis: Introducing \u201cduropathies\u201d","volume":"78","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1628","article-title":"Neuroimaging in superficial siderosis: An in-depth look","volume":"31","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. 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