{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:29:50Z","timestamp":1789788590520,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroSci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors often experience fatigue and sleep disturbances, significantly impacting their quality of life. Exercise has been shown to improve these symptoms in various cancer populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different types of exercise on fatigue and sleep in less-investigated CNS tumor patients. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Eligible randomized and non-randomized studies evaluating exercise interventions in patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors were systematically reviewed, primarily using a narrative synthesis approach. Cancer-related fatigue and sleep-related outcomes were extracted as variables of interest. Where possible [\u22652 Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) available for glioma patients], meta-analyses were conducted to assess the overall effects of physical therapy on the above-mentioned outcomes. Results: A total of 15 relevant intervention studies were identified, either RCTs or other types of studies, such as prospective feasibility cohort studies and case studies. A total of 448 participants were enrolled, with the majority diagnosed with glioma. There were single reports on pituitary adenoma after surgery and meningioma patients. In glioma patients, the overall effect of various modality exercise interventions on fatigue was non-significant, reflecting the heterogeneous characteristics of studies with diverse outcomes. However, meta-analysis focusing on combined exercise interventions (aerobic and resistance training) showed a positive effect on reducing fatigue in these patients [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 0.866, p = 0.03]. Fatigue in glioma patients may also improve through yoga and Pilates. Aerobic but not strength exercise seems to improve sleep in glioma patients (SMD = 1.14, p = 0.02). Sleep quality may also improve through yoga and combined exercise. Conclusions: Certain types of exercise appear to effectively reduce fatigue and improve sleep in patients with CNS tumors. Future, well\u2013controlled, multi-arm, larger-scale studies are necessary to resolve discrepancies, as well as to explore long-term outcomes and define factors influencing individualized exercise responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci7010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T11:13:21Z","timestamp":1768475601000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Investigation of the Effect of Exercise on Sleep Disturbances and Fatigue Symptoms in Patients Diagnosed with Primary Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Ntalagianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Katsouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6744-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Christakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Chytas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piergiorgio","family":"Lochner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Epameinondas","family":"Lyros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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