{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T11:36:38Z","timestamp":1776684998405,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroSci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database is a major outpatient electronic health record dataset in Germany. Over recent years, it has been increasingly used to study neurological diseases, comorbidities, treatment patterns, and long-term sequelae. We narratively summarized neurology-related studies using the German IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database published since 2020 and to highlight methodological considerations relevant for interpreting DA-based neurological research. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of DA-based studies published between January 2020 and December 2025. PubMed was searched using DA-related keywords and major neurological disease terms. Eligible articles included peer-reviewed cohort, case\u2013control, or descriptive studies using DA outpatient data. Results: The review identified studies covering epilepsy, cerebrovascular outcomes, Parkinson\u2019s disease, dementia, multiple sclerosis, migraine, and sensory disorders. Most used retrospective cohort or nested case\u2013control designs with regression or propensity score methods. Follow-up durations ranged from 3 to 10 years. Results consistently reflected routine care outpatient diagnostic and prescribing patterns. Discussion: Strengths of DA studies include large patient populations, long follow-up, and detailed prescription information. Limitations include reliance on outpatient ICD-10 coding, lack of detailed neurological phenotyping, and potential residual confounding and bias. Conclusions: DA-based analyses generate clinically relevant routine care evidence on neurological conditions in the German outpatient setting. Proper methodological safeguards and complementary data sources are required to contextualize findings for clinical and epidemiological use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci7020046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T09:37:42Z","timestamp":1776677862000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurology-Related Research Using the German Disease Analyzer Database: A Narrative Review of Studies Published Between 2020 and 2025"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2124-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karel","family":"Kostev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marburg University, University Hospital, 35043 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Epidemiology, IQVIA, 60549 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Sievert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real World Evidence, IQVIA, 60549 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6798-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health & Social, FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Tanislav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Diakonie Hospital Jung Stilling Siegen, 57074 Siegen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Bohlken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators (2019). 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Int."}],"container-title":["NeuroSci"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4087\/7\/2\/46\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T10:38:55Z","timestamp":1776681535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4087\/7\/2\/46"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["neurosci7020046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurosci7020046","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]}}}