{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:07:24Z","timestamp":1789016844336,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroSci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established neuromodulatory therapy for refractory chronic pain; however, the timing of SCS initiation has received relatively little attention. In some patients requiring spine surgery, the indication for SCS is already present at the time of surgery. Percutaneous leads combine reversibility with low invasiveness, allowing the timing of SCS introduction to be matched to clinical need. We describe a technical approach for simultaneous percutaneous SCS lead placement during spine surgery and present a retrospective case series of five illustrative cases. This report discusses the significance of this approach from the perspective of SCS timing, invasiveness, and reversibility. In two patients, the therapeutic objective was achieved during the acute postoperative period, and the leads were electively removed without recurrence. In three patients, continued stimulation benefit was observed, and an implantable pulse generator was placed for permanent use. No procedure-related adverse events occurred. Simultaneous percutaneous SCS lead placement during spine surgery may allow neuromodulation to be delivered at the time it is needed, for the duration it is required, and at the relevant spinal level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci7050099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:39:47Z","timestamp":1788363587000},"page":"99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simultaneous Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Lead Placement During Spine Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, Seirei Memorial Hospital, Hitachi 319-1235, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2012.25.3.143","article-title":"Spinal Cord Stimulation in Pain Management: A Review","volume":"25","author":"Jeon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104097","article-title":"Evidence-based consensus guidelines on patient selection and trial stimulation for spinal cord stimulation therapy for chronic non-cancer pain","volume":"48","author":"Shanthanna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004359","article-title":"Clinical Indicators of Surgical Outcomes After Laminoplasty for Patients With Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Prospective Multicenter Study","volume":"47","author":"Nagoshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koda, M., Yoshii, T., Egawa, S., Sakai, K., Kusano, K., Nakagawa, Y., Hirai, T., Wada, K., Katsumi, K., and Kimura, A. (2021). 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Med., 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202207.0361.v1"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1159\/000531089","article-title":"Spinal Cord Stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pain and Motor Outcomes","volume":"101","author":"Sarica","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ster. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12208","article-title":"The Appropriate Use of Neurostimulation of the Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Ischemic Diseases: The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee","volume":"17","author":"Deer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation Technol. Neural Interface"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2018.32.1.47","article-title":"Successful removal of permanent spinal cord stimulators in patients with complex regional pain syndrome after complete relief of pain","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"e55979","article-title":"Temporary Spinal Cord Stimulation for Herpes Zoster With Myelitis: A Case Series","volume":"16","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["NeuroSci"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4087\/7\/5\/99\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:18:26Z","timestamp":1789013906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4087\/7\/5\/99"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["neurosci7050099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurosci7050099","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}}}