{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:10:35Z","timestamp":1780758635468,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D is hypothesized to have a beneficial effect on lung function and respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations with lung function, airway inflammation and common colds. We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, a population-based cohort study. We included participants with measurements of serum 25(OH)D, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO), and data on self-reported common colds (n = 6138). In crude associations, serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with FEV1 and FVC, and negatively with FeNO and the occurrence of a common cold. After adjustment for confounders, however, these associations disappeared. Stratified analyses showed that Body Mass Index (BMI) was an effect modifier in the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and FEV1, FVC and FeNO. In obese participants (BMI \u2265 30 kg\/m2), 10 nmol\/L higher 25(OH)D was associated with 0.46% predicted higher FEV1 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.17 to 0.75), 0.46% predicted higher FVC (0.18 to 0.74), and 0.24 ppb lower FeNO (\u22120.43 to \u22120.04). Thus, in the total study population, 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with lung function, airway inflammation and common colds. In obese participants, however, higher 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a better lung function and lower airway inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T12:00:06Z","timestamp":1514980806000},"page":"35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Associations of Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations with Lung Function, Airway Inflammation and Common Cold in the General Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rachida","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8362-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willemien","family":"Thijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, 2501 CK Den Haag, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Prein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"De Jongh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Taube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, 457147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Hiemstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"De Mutsert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Den Heijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.4.0437","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: Consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications","volume":"22","author":"Lips","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr. 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