{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:20:00Z","timestamp":1791382800596,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis syndrome is one of the causes of increased mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the study was to assess the inflammation and nutritional status of patients in end-stage kidney disease treated with maintenance hemodialysis. The study included a group of 98 hemodialyzed patients with stage 5 CKD (38 women and 60 men). Albumin, prealbumin (PRE), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in serum samples collected before mid-week dialysis. Fruit and vegetables frequency intakes were assessed with a questionnaire. CRP was above the reference limit of 5 mg\/L in 53% of patients. Moreover, the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) indicated the co-occurrence of inflammation and protein calorie malnutrition in 11% of patients, and the presence of either inflammation or malnutrition in 25%. The questionnaire revealed that hemodialyzed patients frequently exclude fruit and vegetables from their diets. Nearly 43% of the interviewed patients declared frequently eating vegetables, and 35% declared frequently eating fruit, a few times per week or less. The most frequently selected fruit and vegetables had a low antioxidant capacity. The strict dietary restrictions in CKD are difficult to fulfill, and if strictly followed, may lead to protein-calorie malnutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T13:36:15Z","timestamp":1515677775000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Malnutrition, Inflammation, Atherosclerosis Syndrome (MIA) and Diet Recommendations among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Treated with Maintenance Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Maraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Anny St. 12, 31-008 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Ku\u015bnierz-Cabala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15A St., 31-501 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Dumnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6617-0852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Gala-B\u0142\u0105dzi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dialysis Therapy Centre, St\u2019 Queen Jadwiga Clinical District Hospital No. 2, Lwowska St. 60, 35-301 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, Kopisto Ave. 2a, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Gawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15A St., 31-501 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Pawlica-Gosiewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15A St., 31-501 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Z\u0105bek-Adamska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Kopernika 15B St., 31-501 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Mazur-Laskowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Kopernika 15B St., 31-501 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3478-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Ceranowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzeg\u00f3rzecka 16 St., 31-531 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Ku\u017aniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 15C, 31-501 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1159\/000014479","article-title":"Inflammatory and atherosclerotic interactions in the depleted uremic patient","volume":"19","author":"Stenvinkel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2015.27.305-309","article-title":"Quality of life in hemodialysis patients","volume":"27","author":"Gerasimoula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. 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