{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:16:56Z","timestamp":1785237416999,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]],"date-time":"2018-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The first manifestations that appear under zinc deficiency are skin defects such as dermatitis, alopecia, acne, eczema, dry, and scaling skin. Several genetic disorders including acrodermatitis enteropathica (also known as Danbolt-Closs syndrome) and Brandt\u2019s syndrome are highly related to zinc deficiency. However, the zinc-related molecular mechanisms underlying normal skin development and homeostasis, as well as the mechanism by which disturbed zinc homeostasis causes such skin disorders, are unknown. Recent genomic approaches have revealed the physiological importance of zinc transporters in skin formation and clarified their functional impairment in cutaneous pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the relationships between zinc deficiency and skin disorders, focusing on the roles of zinc transporters in the skin. We also discuss therapeutic outlooks and advantages of controlling zinc levels via zinc transporters to prevent cutaneous disorganization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T03:54:22Z","timestamp":1519098862000},"page":"219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Role of the Slc39a Family of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis in Skin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bum-Ho","family":"Bin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Hojyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osteoimmunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juyeon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8055, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruhisa","family":"Takagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8055, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Fukada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8055, Japan"},{"name":"RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0042, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Zinc: An overview","volume":"11","author":"Prasad","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)08425-X","article-title":"Factors affecting the bioavailability of zinc","volume":"80","author":"Solomons","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.002881","article-title":"History of zinc in agriculture","volume":"3","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"144","article-title":"Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review","volume":"18","author":"Roohani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-011-0797-4","article-title":"Zinc homeostasis and signaling in health and diseases: Zinc signaling","volume":"16","author":"Fukada","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3283312956","article-title":"Zinc: Role in immunity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Prasad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"537","article-title":"Zinc metabolism in patients with the syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, dwarfism, and hypognadism","volume":"61","author":"Prasad","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/20.5.422","article-title":"Human zinc deficiency, endocrine manifestations and response to treatment","volume":"20","author":"Sandstead","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1378S","article-title":"Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption","volume":"130","author":"Lonnerdal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg758","article-title":"Getting under the skin of epidermal morphogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Fuchs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2636","article-title":"Epidermal homeostasis: A balancing act of stem cells in the skin","volume":"10","author":"Blanpain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3675","article-title":"Regenerating the skin: A task for the heterogeneous stem cell pool and surrounding niche","volume":"14","author":"Solanas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555154136","article-title":"Studies on zinc in wound healing","volume":"154","author":"Agren","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2005.31729","article-title":"Zinc and skin health: Overview of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"31","author":"Schwartz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2006.00179.x","article-title":"Zinc in wound healing: Theoretical, experimental, and clinical aspects","volume":"15","author":"Lansdown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regenr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-017-0521-4","article-title":"Physiological roles of zinc transporters: Molecular and genetic importance in zinc homeostasis","volume":"67","author":"Hara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1039\/c1mt00011j","article-title":"Molecular and genetic features of zinc transporters in physiology and pathogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Fukada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(03)00048-8","article-title":"The LZT proteins; the LIV-1 subfamily of zinc transporters","volume":"1611","author":"Taylor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40255","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.256784","article-title":"Biochemical characterization of human ZIP13 protein: A homo-dimerized zinc transporter involved in the spondylocheiro dysplastic ehlers-danlos syndrome","volume":"286","author":"Bin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160388","article-title":"Zinc transporter ZIP10 forms a heteromer with ZIP6 which regulates embryonic development and cell migration","volume":"473","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39013","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.180620","article-title":"Selective electrodiffusion of zinc ions in a Zrt-, Irt-like protein, ZIPB","volume":"285","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.002","article-title":"Slc39a14 is required for the development of hepatocellular iron overload in murine models of hereditary hemochromatosis","volume":"22","author":"Jenkitkasemwong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jenkitkasemwong, S., Akinyode, A., Paulus, E., Weiskirchen, R., Hojyo, S., Fukada, T., Giraldo, G., Schrier, J., Garcia, A., and Janus, C. (2018). Slc39a14 deficiency alters manganese homeostasis and excretion resulting in brain manganese accumulation and motor deficits in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720739115"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13612","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606424103","article-title":"ZIP14 (Slc39a14) mediates non-transferrin-bound iron uptake into cells","volume":"103","author":"Liuzzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.043588","article-title":"Slc39a14 gene encodes ZIP14, a metal\/bicarbonate symporter: Similarities to the ZIP8 transporter","volume":"73","author":"Girijashanker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49082","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409962200","article-title":"The adaptive response to dietary zinc in mice involves the differential cellular localization and zinc regulation of the zinc transporters ZIP4 and ZIP5","volume":"279","author":"Kuo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm088","article-title":"The mouse acrodermatitis enteropathica gene Slc39a4 (ZIP4) is essential for early development and heterozygosity causes hypersensitivity to zinc deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Weaver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2007.149","article-title":"Novel zinc-responsive post-transcriptional mechanisms reciprocally regulate expression of the mouse Slc39a4 and Slc39a5 zinc transporters (ZIP4 and ZIP5)","volume":"388","author":"Weaver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310799200","article-title":"Zn2+-stimulated endocytosis of the mZIP4 zinc transporter regulates its location at the plasma membrane","volume":"279","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00963-08","article-title":"Novel proteolytic processing of the ectodomain of the zinc transporter ZIP4 (Slc39a4) during zinc deficiency is inhibited by acrodermatitis enteropathica mutations","volume":"29","author":"Kambe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1080\/21678707.2017.1394184","article-title":"Dysregulated zinc homeostasis in rare skin disorders","volume":"5","author":"Hojyo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Orphan Drugs"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engelken, J., Carnero-Montoro, E., Pybus, M., Andrews, G.K., Lalueza-Fox, C., Comas, D., Sekler, I., de la Rasilla, M., Rosas, A., and Stoneking, M. (2014). Extreme population differences in the human zinc transporter ZIP4 (Slc39a4) are explained by positive selection in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Genet., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004128"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geiser, J., Venken, K.J., De Lisle, R.C., and Andrews, G.K. (2012). A mouse model of acrodermatitis enteropathica: Loss of intestine zinc transporter ZIP4 (Slc39a4) disrupts the stem cell niche and intestine integrity. PLoS Genet., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002766"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11786","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323557111","article-title":"Zinc transporter Slc39a10\/ZIP10 controls humoral immunity by modulating B-cell receptor signal strength","volume":"111","author":"Hojyo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11780","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323549111","article-title":"Zinc transporter Slc39a10\/ZIP10 facilitates antiapoptotic signaling during early B-cell development","volume":"111","author":"Miyai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12243","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710726114","article-title":"Requirement of zinc transporter ZIP10 for epidermal development: Implication of the ZIP10-p63 axis in epithelial homeostasis","volume":"114","author":"Bin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.03.031","article-title":"Requirement of zinc transporter slc39a7\/ZIP7 for dermal development to fine-tune endoplasmic reticulum function by regulating protein disulfide isomerase","volume":"137","author":"Bin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukada, T., Civic, N., Furuichi, T., Shimoda, S., Mishima, K., Higashiyama, H., Idaira, Y., Asada, Y., Kitamura, H., and Yamasaki, S. (2008). The zinc transporter slc39a13\/ZIP13 is required for connective tissue development; its involvement in BMP\/TGF-beta signaling pathways. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/a6c35a12-e8eb-43a0-9d00-5078fa6da1bb"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takagishi, T., Hara, T., and Fukada, T. (2017). Recent advances in the role of SLC39A\/ZIP zinc transporters in vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122708"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13382","article-title":"Visualizing the kinetic power stroke that drives proton-coupled zinc(ii) transport","volume":"512","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143748","article-title":"Structure of the zinc transporter YiiP","volume":"317","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-014-1590-3","article-title":"Permeation, regulation and control of expression of TRP channels by trace metal ions","volume":"467","author":"Bouron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcg. Arch."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867322666150209153750","article-title":"Zinc-permeable ion channels: Effects on intracellular zinc dynamics and potential physiological\/pathophysiological significance","volume":"22","author":"Inoue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64017-7","article-title":"Metallothionein: A cadmium and zinc-containign protein from equine renal cortex. Ii. Physico-chemical properties","volume":"236","author":"Kagi","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64490-4","article-title":"Metallothionein: A cadmium- and zinc-containing protein from equine renal cortex","volume":"235","author":"Kagi","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2014","article-title":"The physiological, biochemical, and molecular roles of zinc transporters in zinc homeostasis and metabolism","volume":"95","author":"Kambe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00485.x","article-title":"The effect of zinc in the form of erythromycin-zinc complex (zineryt lotion) and zinc acetate on metallothionein expression and distribution in hamster skin","volume":"129","author":"Morgan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-9-54","article-title":"A review of metallothionein isoforms and their role in pathophysiology","volume":"9","author":"Thirumoorthy","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)80597-V","article-title":"Localization of metallothionein in nuclei of growing primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes","volume":"283","author":"Tsujikawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"347","article-title":"Nuclear localization of metallothionein during cell proliferation and differentiation","volume":"46","author":"Cherian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.2.584","article-title":"Targeted disruption of metallothionein i and ii genes increases sensitivity to cadmium","volume":"91","author":"Masters","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00125.x","article-title":"Epidermal proliferation of the skin in metallothionein-null mice","volume":"110","author":"Hanada","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180050449","article-title":"Zinc accumulation and metallothionein gene expression in the proliferating epidermis during wound healing in mouse skin","volume":"112","author":"Iwata","year":"1999","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-002-8454-2","article-title":"Metallothionein: The multipurpose protein","volume":"59","author":"Coyle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1089\/15230860152542943","article-title":"Metal response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1): Structure, function, and regulation","volume":"3","author":"Giedroc","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.11.028","article-title":"An acrodermatitis enteropathica-associated Zn transporter, ZIP4, regulates human epidermal homeostasis","volume":"137","author":"Bin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12478393","article-title":"Localization of metallothionein in hair follicles of normal skin and the basal cell layer of hyperplastic epidermis: Possible association with cell proliferation","volume":"97","author":"Karasawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1360S","article-title":"Zinc homeostasis in humans","volume":"130","author":"King","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2016.06.003","article-title":"Zinc and skin biology","volume":"611","author":"Ogawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21451","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.560821","article-title":"ZIP2 protein, a zinc transporter, is associated with keratinocyte differentiation","volume":"289","author":"Inoue","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1988.tb00877.x","article-title":"Transient zinc deficiency in two full-term breast-fed siblings associated with low maternal breast milk zinc concentration","volume":"5","author":"Glover","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1988.tb00926.x","article-title":"Self-limiting acrodermatitis enteropathica. A follow-up study of three interrelated families","volume":"27","author":"Sharma","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39699","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M605821200","article-title":"Identification of a mutation in slc30a2 (ZnT-2) in women with low milk zinc concentration that results in transient neonatal zinc deficiency","volume":"281","author":"Chowanadisai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-003-0952-2","article-title":"Analysis of zinc transporter, hZnT4 (slc30a4), gene expression in a mammary gland disorder leading to reduced zinc secretion into milk","volume":"113","author":"Michalczyk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6031164","article-title":"Dietary zinc deficiency affects blood linoleic acid: Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (la:Dgla) ratio; a sensitive physiological marker of zinc status in vivo (gallus gallus)","volume":"6","author":"Reed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1671","article-title":"The neurobiology of zinc in health and disease","volume":"6","author":"Frederickson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58618","article-title":"Severe dermatitis with loss of epidermal langerhans cells in human and mouse zinc deficiency","volume":"122","author":"Kawamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26097","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.107490","article-title":"Zinc released from injured cells is acting via the Zn2+-sensing receptor, ZnR, to trigger signaling leading to epithelial repair","volume":"285","author":"Sharir","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1711.2005.01391.x","article-title":"Apoptosis may underlie the pathology of zinc-deficient skin","volume":"84","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071311","article-title":"Regulation of cellular zinc balance as a potential mechanism of ever-mediated protection against pathogenesis by cutaneous oncogenic human papillomaviruses","volume":"205","author":"Lazarczyk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33474","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305000200","article-title":"The acrodermatitis enteropathica gene ZIP4 encodes a tissue-specific, zinc-regulated zinc transporter in mice","volume":"278","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1165104","article-title":"P63 is the molecular switch for initiation of an epithelial stratification program","volume":"18","author":"Koster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1190504","article-title":"P63 and the epithelial stem cell: More than status quo?","volume":"18","author":"McKeon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20150862","article-title":"Soybean extracts increase cell surface ZIP4 abundance and cellular zinc levels: A potential novel strategy to enhance zinc absorption by ZIP4 targeting","volume":"472","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1092-1","article-title":"The slc31 (ctr) copper transporter family","volume":"447","author":"Petris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcg. Arch."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.05.001","article-title":"Spondylocheiro dysplastic form of the ehlers-danlos syndrome\u2014An autosomal-recessive entity caused by mutations in the zinc transporter gene slc39a13","volume":"82","author":"Giunta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31552","article-title":"The 2017 international classification of the ehlers-danlos syndromes","volume":"175","author":"Malfait","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201303809","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of spondylocheirodysplastic ehlers-danlos syndrome caused by mutant ZIP13 proteins","volume":"6","author":"Bin","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e974982","DOI":"10.4161\/21675511.2014.974982","article-title":"Spondylocheirodysplastic ehlers-danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS) and the mutant zinc transporter ZIP13","volume":"2","author":"Bin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3530","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211775110","article-title":"Promotion of vesicular zinc efflux by ZIP13 and its implications for spondylocheiro dysplastic ehlers-danlos syndrome","volume":"109","author":"Jeong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15456","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412188200","article-title":"The ZIP7 gene (slc39a7) encodes a zinc transporter involved in zinc homeostasis of the golgi apparatus","volume":"280","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukunaka, A., Fukada, T., Bhin, J., Suzuki, L., Tsuzuki, T., Takamine, Y., Bin, B.H., Yoshihara, T., Ichinoseki-Sekine, N., and Naito, H. (2017). Zinc transporter ZIP13 suppresses beige adipocyte biogenesis and energy expenditure by regulating C\/EBP-beta expression. PLoS Genet., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006950"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/2\/219\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:55:23Z","timestamp":1760194523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/2\/219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu10020219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10020219","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]]}}}