{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:11:13Z","timestamp":1790871073858,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication after preterm birth. Pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) has increasingly become the standard of care for very preterm infants over the use of preterm formula (PF) if the mother\u2019s own milk (MOM) is unavailable. Studies have reported beneficial effects of DHM on BPD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on the effects of DHM on BPD and other respiratory outcomes. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of RCTs could not demonstrate that supplementation of MOM with DHM reduced BPD when compared to PF (three studies, risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60\u20131.32). However, meta-analysis of observational studies showed that DHM supplementation reduced BPD (8 studies, RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67\u20130.90). An exclusive human milk diet reduced the risk of BPD, compared to a diet with PF and\/or bovine milk-based fortifier (three studies, RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68\u20130.95). Feeding raw MOM, compared to feeding pasteurized MOM, protected against BPD (two studies, RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62\u20130.96). In conclusion, our data suggest that DHM protects against BPD in very preterm infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T10:32:45Z","timestamp":1519122765000},"page":"238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Donor Human Milk Protects against Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-7832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Villamor-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5451-6702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4921-1437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Mosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris W.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1949-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Villamor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.3.e38","article-title":"Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth weight infants","volume":"102","author":"Hylander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2007.02.002","article-title":"Human milk and clinical outcomes in vlbw infants: How compelling is the evidence of benefit?","volume":"31","author":"Morales","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. 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