{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:35:20Z","timestamp":1790724920001,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23249081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23249081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26670810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26670810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP15H02571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP15H02571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sweet taste thresholds are positively related to plasma leptin levels in normal weight humans: both show parallel diurnal variations and associations with postprandial glucose and insulin rises. Here, we tested whether this relationship also exists in overweight and obese (OW\/Ob) individuals with hyperleptinemia. We tested 36 Japanese OW\/Ob subjects (body mass index (BMI) &gt; 25 kg\/m2) for recognition thresholds for various taste stimuli at seven different time points from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. using the staircase methodology, and measured plasma leptin, insulin, and blood glucose levels before each taste threshold measurement. We also used the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to evaluate insulin resistance. The results demonstrated that, unlike normal weight subjects, OW\/Ob subjects showed no significant diurnal variations in the recognition thresholds for sweet stimuli but exhibited negative associations between the diurnal variations of both leptin and sweet recognition thresholds and the HOMA-IR scores. These findings suggest that in OW\/Ob subjects, the basal leptin levels (~20 ng\/mL) may already exceed leptin\u2019s effective concentration for the modulation of sweet sensitivity and that this leptin resistance-based attenuation of the diurnal variations of the sweet taste recognition thresholds may also be indirectly linked to insulin resistance in OW\/Ob subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T11:53:40Z","timestamp":1519991620000},"page":"297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Diurnal Variation of Sweet Taste Recognition Thresholds Is Absent in Overweight and Obese Humans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Sanematsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Sensory Physiology, Research & Development Center for Taste and Odor Sensing, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriatsu","family":"Shigemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Sensory Physiology, Research & Development Center for Taste and Odor Sensing, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzo","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Sensory Physiology, Research & Development Center for Taste and Odor Sensing, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0","article-title":"Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue","volume":"372","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/379632a0","article-title":"Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice","volume":"379","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11044","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.190066697","article-title":"Leptin as a modulator of sweet taste sensitivities in mice","volume":"97","author":"Kawai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. 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