{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1778670302384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]],"date-time":"2018-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KRF-2009-0074652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KRF-2009-0074652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Offspring of female rats fed either a casein (CAS) diet or a low-isoflavone soy protein isolate (SPI) diet were compared in an animal model of chronic ethanol consumption to investigate whether maternal diet regulates the adaptive responses of offspring to postnatal ethanol exposure and potentially affects the development of liver disease in later life. Female rats were fed either a CAS or an SPI diet before mating, and during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring from the same litter were pair-fed either a control or ethanol diet for six weeks (CAS\/CON, CAS\/EtOH, SPI\/CON, and SPI\/EtOH groups). Serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic inflammatory indicators were higher in the SPI\/EtOH group than in the CAS\/EtOH group. Ethanol consumption increased serum homocysteine levels, hepatic S-adenosylmethionine:S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio, and hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress only in offspring of SPI-fed female rats. Total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and mRNA levels of hepatic genes involved in HDL cholesterol assembly were reduced in the SPI group in response to ethanol consumption. In conclusion, offspring of SPI-fed female rats were more susceptible to the later development of alcoholic liver disease than offspring of CAS-fed female rats. Furthermore, maternal SPI consumption altered one-carbon metabolism and cholesterol metabolism of offspring fed an ethanol diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T13:13:48Z","timestamp":1520860428000},"page":"332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Maternal Consumption of Low-Isoflavone Soy Protein Isolate Confers the Increased Predisposition to Alcoholic Liver Injury in Adult Rat Offspring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sae","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R494","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00530.2007","article-title":"Maternal protein restriction leads to early life alterations in the expression of key molecules involved in the aging process in rat offspring","volume":"294","author":"Cripps","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4161\/org.4.3.6849","article-title":"Early developmental influences on hepatic organogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Hyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Organogenesis"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dudley, K.J., Sloboda, D.M., Connor, K.L., Beltrand, J., and Vickers, M.H. (2011). Offspring of mothers fed a high fat diet display hepatic cell cycle inhibition and associated changes in gene expression and DNA methylation. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021662"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400248","article-title":"Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: The thrifty phenotype hypothesis","volume":"35","author":"Hales","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2016.03.012","article-title":"Prenatal nutrition and the risk of adult obesity: Long-term effects of nutrition on epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression","volume":"39","author":"Navarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.06.006","article-title":"One carbon metabolism in pregnancy: Impact on maternal, fetal and neonatal health","volume":"435","author":"Kalhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2016.12.013","article-title":"Maternal consumption of low-isoflavone soy protein isolate alters hepatic gene expression and liver development in rat offspring","volume":"42","author":"Won","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, A., Won, S.B., and Kwon, Y.H. (2017). Different Effects of Maternal Low-Isoflavone Soy Protein and Genistein Consumption on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism of 21-Day-Old Male Rat Offspring. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9091039"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.20.1.395","article-title":"ALCOHOL: Its metabolism and interaction with nutrients","volume":"20","author":"Lieber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20168","article-title":"Hepatic transmethylation reactions in micropigs with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"39","author":"Villanueva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.05.005","article-title":"Alcohol-induced S-adenosylhomocysteine accumulation in the liver sensitizes to TNF hepatotoxicity: Possible involvement of mitochondrial S-adenosylmethionine transport","volume":"74","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E10","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00011.2008","article-title":"Alcohol and lipid metabolism","volume":"295","author":"Sozio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-3163-3-14","article-title":"Feeding of soy protein isolate to rats during pregnancy and lactation suppresses formation of aberrant crypt foci in their progeny\u2019s colons: interaction of diet with fetal alcohol exposure","volume":"3","author":"Linz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507250470","article-title":"Dietary soya protein during pregnancy and lactation in rats with hereditary kidney disease attenuates disease progression in offspring","volume":"97","author":"Cahill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.11.1939","article-title":"AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: Final report of the american institute of nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet","volume":"123","author":"Reeves","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"197","article-title":"Liquid diet technique of ethanol administration: 1989 update","volume":"24","author":"Lieber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(98)00812-7","article-title":"Determination of plasma and serum homocysteine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection","volume":"828","author":"Minniti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1130040606","article-title":"Isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in animal tissues: The effect of exposure to nitrous oxide","volume":"4","author":"Bottiglieri","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.07.008","article-title":"Behavioral stress and activated serotonergic neurotransmission induce XBP-1 splicing in the rat brain","volume":"1112","author":"Toda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04590.x","article-title":"Interactions of cytokines, S-Adenosylmethionine, and S-Adenosylhomocysteine in alcohol-induced liver disease and immune suppression","volume":"21","author":"Barve","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216450","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/216450","article-title":"Mechanisms of alcohol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and organ injuries","volume":"2012","author":"Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21655","article-title":"Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"45","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M007948","article-title":"Involvement and mechanism of DGAT2 upregulation in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-005-0030-4","article-title":"Role of apoA-I, ABCA1, LCAT, and SR-BI in the biogenesis of HDL","volume":"84","author":"Zannis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4947","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i37.4947","article-title":"Role of transmethylation reactions in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Kharbanda","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21863","article-title":"Glycine N-methyltransferase\u2212\/\u2212 mice develop chronic hepatitis and glycogen storage disease in the liver","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-209569","article-title":"Interstrain differences in the severity of liver injury induced by a choline- and folate-deficient diet in mice are associated with dysregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism","volume":"26","author":"Tryndyak","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2011.01.005","article-title":"S-adenosylmethionine prevents the up regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling caused by chronic ethanol feeding in rats","volume":"90","author":"Oliva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.08.024","article-title":"Betaine attenuates alcoholic steatosis by restoring phosphatidylcholine generation via the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway","volume":"46","author":"Kharbanda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(94)95023-7","article-title":"Phosphatidylcholine protects against fibrosis and cirrhosis in the baboon","volume":"106","author":"Lieber","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"655","article-title":"Clinical significance of abnormal lipoprotein patterns in liver diseases","volume":"15","author":"Ooi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-013-0262-5","article-title":"The effect of the severity of liver cirrhosis on the level of lipids and lipoproteins","volume":"14","author":"Chrostek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-5-4","article-title":"Influence of liver cancer on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032015000300011","article-title":"Lipid Profile of Cirrhotic Patients and Its Association with Prognostic Scores: A cross-sectional study","volume":"52","author":"Bassani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.03.038","article-title":"Homocysteine and lipids: S-adenosyl methionine as a key intermediate","volume":"583","author":"Obeid","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52961","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406820200","article-title":"Abnormal lipid metabolism in cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient mice, an animal model for hyperhomocysteinemia","volume":"279","author":"Namekata","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000204825.66410.0b","article-title":"Elevated homocysteine reduces apolipoprotein A-I expression in hyperhomocysteinemic mice and in males with coronary artery disease","volume":"98","author":"Mikael","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKay, J.A., Xie, L., Adriaens, M., Evelo, C.T., Ford, D., and Mathers, J.C. (2017). Maternal folate depletion during early development and high fat feeding from weaning elicit similar changes in gene expression, but not in DNA methylation, in adult offspring. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 61.","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600713"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wankhade, U.D., Zhong, Y., Kang, P., Alfaro, M., Chintapalli, S.V., Thakali, K.M., and Shankar, K. (2017). Enhanced offspring predisposition to steatohepatitis with maternal high-fat diet is associated with epigenetic and microbiome alterations. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175675"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507771878","article-title":"Hepatic structural alteration in adult programmed offspring (severe maternal protein restriction) is aggravated by post-weaning high-fat diet","volume":"98","author":"Aguila","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/3\/332\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:56:30Z","timestamp":1760194590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/3\/332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nu10030332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10030332","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]]}}}