{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:58:52Z","timestamp":1790675932013,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,8]],"date-time":"2018-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tryptophan stimulates plasma cholecystokinin and pyloric pressures, both of which slow gastric emptying. Gastric emptying regulates postprandial blood glucose. Tryptophan has been reported to decrease energy intake. We investigated the effects of intragastric tryptophan on the glycaemic response to, and gastric emptying of, a mixed-nutrient drink, and subsequent energy intake. Lean and obese participants (n = 16 each) received intragastric infusions of 1.5 g (\u201cTrp-1.5g\u201d) or 3.0 g (\u201cTrp-3.0g\u201d) tryptophan, or control, and 15 min later consumed a mixed-nutrient drink (56 g carbohydrates). Gastric emptying (13C-acetate breath-test), blood glucose, plasma C-peptide, glucagon, cholecystokinin and tryptophan concentrations were measured (t = 0\u201360 min). Energy intake was assessed between t = 60\u201390 min. In lean individuals, Trp-3.0g, but not Trp-1.5g, slowed gastric emptying, reduced C-peptideAUC and increased glucagonAUC (all P &lt; 0.05), but did not significantly decrease the blood glucose response to the drink, stimulate cholecystokinin or reduce mean energy intake, compared with control. In obese individuals, Trp-3.0g, but not Trp-1.5g, tended to slow gastric emptying (P = 0.091), did not affect C-peptideAUC, increased glucagonAUC (P &lt; 0.001) and lowered blood glucose at t = 30 min (P &lt; 0.05), and did not affect cholecystokinin or mean energy intake. In obese individuals, intragastrically administered tryptophan may reduce postprandial blood glucose by slowing gastric emptying; the lack of effect on mean energy intake requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T13:06:08Z","timestamp":1523365568000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of Intragastric Administration of Tryptophan on the Blood Glucose Response to a Nutrient Drink and Energy Intake, in Lean and Obese Men"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sina","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Giesbertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Physiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Steinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Z\u00fcrich, R\u00e4mistrasse 100, 8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Feinle-Bisset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.2.154","article-title":"C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin decreases food intake in man","volume":"34","author":"Kissileff","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. 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