{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:18:05Z","timestamp":1790219885747,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute","award":["00103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of non-skeletal health issues has received significant media and research attention in recent years. Costs associated with clinical management of low vitamin D (LVD) have increased exponentially. However, no clear evidence supports vitamin D screening to improve health outcomes. Authoritative bodies and professional societies do not recommend population-wide vitamin D screening in community-dwelling adults who are asymptomatic or at low risk of LVD. To assess patterns of physicians\u2019 management of LVD in this conflicting environment, we conducted a scoping review of three electronic databases and the gray literature. Thirty-eight records met inclusion criteria and were summarized in an evidence table. Thirteen studies published between 2006 and 2015 across seven countries showed a consistent increase in vitamin D lab tests and related costs. Many vitamin D testing patterns reflected screening rather than targeted testing for individuals at high risk of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Interventions aimed at managing inappropriate clinical practices related to LVD were effective in the short term. Variability and controversy were pervasive in many aspects of vitamin D management, shining a light on physicians\u2019 practices in the face of uncertainty. Future research is needed to inform better clinical guidelines and to assess implementation practices that encourage evidence-based management of LVD in adult populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T12:40:26Z","timestamp":1523882426000},"page":"493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Clinical Management of Low Vitamin D: A Scoping Review of Physicians\u2019 Practices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Rockwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute &amp; State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9303-5530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivica","family":"Kraak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute &amp; State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hulver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute &amp; State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Epling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0138","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in adults: When to test and how to treat","volume":"85","author":"Kennel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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