{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T16:24:00Z","timestamp":1771604640418,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AST Sports Science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The myoprotective effects of creatine monohydrate (CR) and whey protein (WP) are equivocal, with the use of proxy measures of muscle damage making interpretation of their effectiveness limited. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of CR and WP supplementation on muscle damage and recovery following controlled, chemically-induced muscle damage. Degeneration of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was induced by bupivacaine in rats supplemented with either CR, WP, or standard rat chow (CON). At day 7 and 14 post-myotoxic injury, injured EDL muscles were surgically removed and tested for isometric contractile properties, followed by the contralateral, non-injured EDL muscle. At the completion of testing, muscles were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored for later analysis. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Creatine-supplemented muscles displayed a greater proportion of non-damaged (intact) fibers (p = 0.002) and larger cross-sectional areas of regenerating and non-damaged fibers (p = 0.024) compared to CON muscles at day 7 post-injury. At day 14 post-injury, CR-supplemented muscles generated higher absolute forces concomitant with greater contractile protein levels compared to CON (p = 0.001, p = 0.008) and WP-supplemented muscles (p = 0.003, p = 0.006). Creatine supplementation appears to offer an element of myoprotection which was not observed following whey protein supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T03:45:49Z","timestamp":1525059949000},"page":"553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Myoprotective Potential of Creatine Is Greater than Whey Protein after Chemically-Induced Damage in Rat Skeletal Muscle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Cooke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4854-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Rybalka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos G.","family":"Stathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1398-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200205000-00022","article-title":"Muscle injuries and repair: Current trends in research","volume":"84","author":"Huard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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