{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:33:59Z","timestamp":1790760839423,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"K99\/R00 Pathway to Independence Career Award, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health &amp; Development of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R00HD079561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00HD079561"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001130","name":"The Gerber Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human milk provides immunoglobulins (Igs) that supplement the passive immune system of neonates; however, the extent of survival of these Igs during gastric digestion and whether this differs between preterm and term infants remains unknown. Human milk, and infant gastric samples at 2 h post-ingestion were collected from 15 preterm (23\u201332 week gestational age (GA)) mother-infant pairs and from 8 term (38\u201340 week of GA) mother-infant pairs within 7\u201398 days postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for concentration of total IgA (secretory IgA (SIgA)\/IgA), total secretory component (SC\/SIgA\/SIgM), total IgM (SIgM\/IgM), and IgG as well as peptidomics. Total IgA concentration decreased by 60% from human milk to the preterm infant stomach and decreased by 48% in the term infant stomach. Total IgM and IgG concentrations decreased by 33% and 77%, respectively, from human milk to the term infant stomach but were stable in the preterm infant stomach. Release of peptides from all Ig isotypes in the term infant stomach was higher than in the preterm stomach. Overall, the stability of human milk Igs during gastric digestion is higher in preterm infant than in term infants, which could be beneficial for assisting the preterm infants\u2019 immature immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T11:47:45Z","timestamp":1526557665000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Comparison of Human Milk Immunoglobulin Survival during Gastric Digestion between Preterm and Term Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7937-6355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Demers-Mathieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Beverly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6990-2200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren D.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9696-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Dallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.08.004","article-title":"Modulation of the cellular immune system by intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"29","author":"Bayry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"985646","article-title":"IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies","volume":"2012","author":"Palmeira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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