{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:33:34Z","timestamp":1782218014622,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cobalamin and folate are crucial micronutrients during infancy and they are required for growth and cognitive development. Due to the monotonous and predominantly vegetarian-based complementary feeding and poor maternal micronutrient status, infants from low- and middle-income countries are susceptible to cobalamin deficiency. However, data on plasma cobalamin and folate and the functional markers methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine from breastfed infants in Nepal are still needed. We collected plasma samples from 316 6\u201311-month-old breastfed infants with a length-for-age of less than minus one z-score and analyzed blood for plasma folate, cobalamin, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations. Cobalamin deficiency (plasma cobalamin &lt;148 pmol\/L) was found among 11%, whereas 24% of the infants had plasma cobalamin concentrations between 148\u2013221 pmol\/L. Elevated total homocysteine (&gt;10 \u00b5mol\/L) and methylmalonic acid (&gt;0.28 \u00b5mol\/L) indicating functional cobalamin deficiency were found among 53% and 75% of the infants, respectively. Based on a combined indicator of cobalamin status, 58% were found to have low cobalamin status. However, folate deficiency (&lt;10 nmol\/L) was not found as the lowest value of plasma folate was 20.7 nmol\/L. It is important to examine the extent to which poor cobalamin status during infancy has immediate or long-term consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T04:07:30Z","timestamp":1526875650000},"page":"639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cobalamin and Folate Status among Breastfed Infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ram K.","family":"Chandyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, P.O. Box 21266, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjeswori","family":"Ulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Kvestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, West, Uni Research Health, P.O. Box 7810, 5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Hysing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, West, Uni Research Health, P.O. Box 7810, 5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merina","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Ranjitkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arve","family":"Ulvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per Magne","family":"Ueland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laxman","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, P.O. Box 1524, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4038-151X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tor A.","family":"Strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 990, 2629 Lillehammer, Norway"},{"name":"Lillehammer University College, P.O. Box 952, 2604 Lillehammer, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S126","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S117","article-title":"Effects of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency on brain development in children","volume":"29","author":"Black","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211002511","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and vitamin B12: A review","volume":"24","author":"Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.3945\/an.117.015628","article-title":"Cobalamin Status from Pregnancy to Early Childhood: Lessons from Global Experience","volume":"8","author":"Obeid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S105","article-title":"Causes of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency","volume":"29","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000345589","article-title":"Vitamin B(12) intake and status in early pregnancy among urban South Indian women","volume":"62","author":"Samuel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1302","article-title":"Cobalamin and folate status in infants and young children in a low-to-middle income community in India","volume":"86","author":"Taneja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandyo, R.K., Ulak, M., Sommerfelt, H., Schneede, J., Ueland, P.M., and Strand, T.A. (2016). Nutritional Intake and Status of Cobalamin and Folate among Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8060375"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulak, M., Chandyo, R.K., Adhikari, R.K., Sharma, P.R., Sommerfelt, H., Refsum, H., and Strand, T.A. (2014). Cobalamin and folate status in 6 to 35 months old children presenting with acute diarrhea in Bhaktapur, Nepal. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090079"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.032268","article-title":"Cobalamin and folate status predicts mental development scores in North Indian children 12\u201418 mo of age","volume":"97","author":"Strand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e918","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1848","article-title":"Vitamin B-12, folic acid, and growth in 6- to 30-month-old children: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"135","author":"Strand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.144931","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 status in infancy is positively associated with development and cognitive functioning 5 y later in Nepalese children","volume":"105","author":"Kvestad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1433","article-title":"Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and severe language delay in children","volume":"306","author":"Roth","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.155925","article-title":"Association between maternal use of folic acid supplements and risk of autism spectrum disorders in children","volume":"309","author":"Suren","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.7","article-title":"Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in diagnosis and risk assessment from infancy to adolescence","volume":"78","author":"Ueland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.2.233","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated methylmalonic acid indicate a high prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in Asian Indians","volume":"74","author":"Refsum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2016.00027","article-title":"Biomarkers and Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Vitamin B12 Deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Hannibal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17040","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.40","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-0818","article-title":"Combined indicator of vitamin B12 status: Modification for missing biomarkers and folate status and recommendations for revised cut-points","volume":"53","author":"Fedosov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"WHO\/FAO (World Health Organization\/Food and Agriculture Organization) (2004). Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition: Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21\u201330 September 1998, WHO\/FAO."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"NAP, and Institute of Medicine (2000). Vitamin B12. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline, National Academy Press."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.058479","article-title":"Cobalamin and haptocorrin in human milk and cobalamin-related variables in mother and child: A 9-mo longitudinal study","volume":"98","author":"Greibe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001172","article-title":"B vitamins in breast milk: Relative importance of maternal status and intake, and effects on infant status and function","volume":"3","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-006-0598-7","article-title":"High frequency of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency as an important cause of infantile vitamin B12 deficiency in Sanliurfa province of Turkey","volume":"45","author":"Koc","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.112170","article-title":"Vitamin B(12) deficiency in infants secondary to maternal causes","volume":"184","author":"Roumeliotis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.29","article-title":"Vitamin B12 status in pregnant women and their infants in South India","volume":"71","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.003426","article-title":"Folate and cobalamin status in relation to diet in healthy 2-y-old children","volume":"93","author":"Hay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2007.oct.451\u2013458","article-title":"If high folic acid aggravates vitamin B12 deficiency what should be done about it?","volume":"65","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2016.11.004","article-title":"Interaction between excess folate and low vitamin B12 status","volume":"53","author":"Paul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112160","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency in children and adolescents","volume":"138","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"New ERA, Ministry of Health, Nepal, and ICF (2017). Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016: Key Indicators."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng\u2019eno, B.N., Perrine, C.G., Whitehead, R.D., Subedi, G.R., Mebrahtu, S., Dahal, P., and Jefferds, M.E. (2017). High Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and No Folate Deficiency in Young Children in Nepal. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9010072"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"WHO (2007, January 6\u20138). Indicators for Assesing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices. Proceedings of the Consensus Meeting, Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.05.013","article-title":"The Role of Nutrition in Brain Development: The Golden Opportunity of the \u201cFirst 1000 Days\u201d","volume":"175","author":"Cusick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-008-9087-z","article-title":"Maternal nutrition, intrauterine programming and consequential risks in the offspring","volume":"9","author":"Yajnik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2016.00041","article-title":"Complementary Feeding: Review of Recommendations, Feeding Practices, and Adequacy of Homemade Complementary Food Preparations in Developing Countries\u2014Lessons from Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"Abeshu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-1937-0","article-title":"The effect of vitamin B12 supplementation in Nepalese infants on growth and development: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Strand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.053835","article-title":"Automated assay for the determination of methylmalonic acid, total homocysteine, and related amino acids in human serum or plasma by means of methylchloroformate derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"51","author":"Windelberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(97)81007-5","article-title":"Microbiological assay for serum, plasma, and red cell folate using cryopreserved, microtiter plate method","volume":"281","author":"Molloy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/33.1.52","article-title":"Microbiological assay for vitamin B12 with use of a colistin-sulfate-resistant organism","volume":"33","author":"Kelleher","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"WHO (2012). Serum and Red Blood Cell Folate Concentrations for Assessing Folate Status in Population. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"WHO (2006). World Health Organization. Anthro 2005, Beta Version, 17 February 2006: Software for Assessing Growth and Development of the World\u2019s Children, WHO. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/childgrowth\/software\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.2307\/1966617","article-title":"Toward consistency in breastfeeding definitions","volume":"21","author":"Labbok","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stud. Fam. Plan."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer, D.W., and Lemeshow, S. (2000). Applied Logistic Regression, John Wiley & Sons Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2716","article-title":"Common metabolic profile in infants indicating impaired cobalamin status responds to cobalamin supplementation","volume":"122","author":"Torsvik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.061549","article-title":"Cobalamin supplementation improves motor development and regurgitations in infants: Results from a randomized intervention study","volume":"98","author":"Torsvik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1113996","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"368","author":"Stabler","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulak, M., Chandyo, R.K., Thorne-Lyman, A.L., Henjum, S., Ueland, P.M., Midttun, O., Shrestha, P.S., Fawzi, W.W., Graybill, L., and Strand, T.A. (2016). Vitamin Status among Breastfed Infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030149"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Na, M., Aguayo, V.M., Arimond, M., Dahal, P., Lamichhane, B., Pokharel, R., Chitekwe, S., and Stewart, C.P. (2017). Trends and predictors of appropriate complementary feeding practices in Nepal: An analysis of national household survey data collected between 2001 and 2014. Matern. Child Nutr.","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12564"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-7-1","article-title":"Infant feeding practices in Bhaktapur, Nepal: A cross-sectional, health facility based survey","volume":"7","author":"Ulak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132306","article-title":"New insights into erythropoiesis: The roles of folate, vitamin B12, and iron","volume":"24","author":"Koury","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601236","article-title":"Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels in pregnant Nepali women. Should cobalamin supplementation be considered?","volume":"55","author":"Bondevik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torsvik, I.K., Ueland, P.M., Markestad, T., Midttun, O., and Bjorke Monsen, A.L. (2015). Motor development related to duration of exclusive breastfeeding, B vitamin status and B12 supplementation in infants with a birth weight between 2000\u20133000 g, results from a randomized intervention trial. BMC Pediatr., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0533-2"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.008201","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 and Perinatal Health","volume":"6","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-1082-z","article-title":"Vitamin B2, vitamin B12 and total homocysteine status in children and their associations with dietary intake of B-vitamins from different food groups: The Healthy Growth Study","volume":"56","author":"Manios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013002978","article-title":"The phenomenon of micronutrient deficiency among children in China: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00371.x","article-title":"Complementary feeding practices in South Asia: Analyses of recent national survey data by the South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network","volume":"8","author":"Senarath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khanal, V., Sauer, K., and Zhao, Y. (2013). Determinants of complementary feeding practices among Nepalese children aged 6\u201323 months: findings from Demographic and Health Survey 2011. BMC Pediatr., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-131"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morseth, M.S., Torheim, L.E., Gebremariam, M.K., Chandyo, R.K., Ulak, M., Shrestha, S.K., Shrestha, B., and Henjum, S. (2017). Tracking of infant and young child feeding practices among 9- to 24-month-old children in Nepal: The MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study. Public Health Nutr.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017002294"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572117697535","article-title":"Perturbing Status of Vitamin B12 in Indian Infants and Their Mothers","volume":"38","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.117424","article-title":"Maternal folate and cobalamin status predicts vitamin status in newborns and 6-month-old infants","volume":"140","author":"Hay","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/5\/639\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:04:56Z","timestamp":1760195096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/5\/639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nu10050639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10050639","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]}}}