{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:56:11Z","timestamp":1788544571137,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Spanish Ministerio de Econom\u00eda Industria y Competitividad","award":["FFARB 2017, SAF2015-63904-R, SAF2015-71521-REDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFARB 2017, SAF2015-63904-R, SAF2015-71521-REDC"]}]},{"name":"European Commission H2020-MSCA-ITN program","award":["FEDER funds and grant 721236-TREATMENT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER funds and grant 721236-TREATMENT"]}]},{"name":"University of Brescia, Italy","award":["ex 60% grants"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ex 60% grants"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Taurine (TAU) is a sulfur-containing beta amino acid that is not involved in protein composition and anabolism, conditionally essential in mammals provided through diet. Growing evidence supports a protective role of TAU supply in osmoregulation, calcium flux, and reduction of inflammation and oxidant damage in renal diseases like diabetes. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, due to abnormal proteostasis, is a contributor to nephrotic syndrome and related renal damage. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary TAU (1.5% in drinking water for 15 days) in an established rat model that mimics human minimal change nephrosis, consisting of a single puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) injection (intraperitoneally 15 mg\/100 g body weight), with sacrifice after eight days. TAU limited proteinuria and podocytes foot processes effacement, and balanced slit diaphragm nephrin and glomerular claudin 1 expressions. In cortical proximal tubules, TAU improved lysosomal density, ER perimeter, restored proper ER-mitochondria tethering and mitochondrial cristae, and decreased inflammation. Remarkably, TAU downregulated glomerular ER stress markers (GRP78, GRP94), pro-apoptotic C\/EBP homologous protein, activated caspase 3, tubular caspase1, and mitochondrial chaperone GRP75, but maintained anti-apoptotic HSP25. In conclusion, TAU, by targeting upstream ER stress separate from mitochondria dysfunctions at crucial renal sites, might be a promising dietary supplement in the treatment of the drug-resistant nephrotic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T02:58:18Z","timestamp":1527562698000},"page":"689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Taurine Supplementation Alleviates Puromycin Aminonucleoside Damage by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial-Related Apoptosis in Rat Kidney"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Stacchiotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdipartimental University Center of Research \u201cAdaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6895-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia","family":"Favero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7646-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Lavazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna-IZSLER, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2796-1453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Monsalve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas \u201cAlberto Sols\u201d (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi Fabrizio","family":"Rodella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdipartimental University Center of Research \u201cAdaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7515-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Rezzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdipartimental University Center of Research \u201cAdaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2016.00056","article-title":"History of nephrotic syndrome and evolution of its treatment","volume":"4","author":"Pal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. 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