{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:52:33Z","timestamp":1769579553127,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008920","name":"University of Saskatchewan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005616","name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005616","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010090","name":"Women and Children's Health Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RES0034549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RES0034549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Neonates on long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) may develop parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). Aluminum (Al) is a known contaminant of infant PN, and we hypothesize that it substantially contributes to PNALD. In this study, we aim to assess the impact of Al on hepatocytes in a piglet model. Methods: We conducted a randomized control trial using a Yucatan piglet PN model. Piglets, aged 3\u20136 days, were placed into two groups. The high Al group (n = 8) received PN with 63 \u00b5g\/kg\/day of Al, while the low Al group (n = 7) received PN with 24 \u00b5g\/kg\/day of Al. Serum samples for total bile acids (TBA) were collected over two weeks, and liver tissue was obtained at the end of the experiment. Bile canaliculus morphometry were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ImageJ software analysis. Results: The canalicular space was smaller and the microvilli were shorter in the high Al group than in the low Al group. There was no difference in the TBA between the groups. Conclusions: Al causes structural changes in the hepatocytes despite unaltered serum bile acids. High Al in PN is associated with short microvilli, which could decrease the functional excretion area of the hepatocytes and impair bile flow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T12:14:30Z","timestamp":1528114470000},"page":"723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Aluminum Exposure from Parenteral Nutrition: Early Bile Canaliculus Changes of the Hepatocyte"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health &amp; Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Brunton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bertolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant G.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon A.","family":"Zello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2779-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Consolato","family":"Sergi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children\u2019s Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181aed70b","article-title":"Aluminum content of parenteral nutrition in neonates: Measured versus calculated levels","volume":"50","author":"Poole","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607110362531","article-title":"Aluminum content in intravenous solutions for administration to neonates: Role of product preparation and administration methods","volume":"34","author":"Bohrer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Parenter. Enter. 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