{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:00:15Z","timestamp":1783699215548,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"OmniActive Health Technologies Ltd., India Research Grant","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]},{"name":"OmniActive Health Technologies Ltd., India Research Grant","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"OmniActive Health Technologies Ltd., India Research Grant","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are the major factors underlying photoreceptor degeneration. Lutein, RR-zeaxanthin (3R,3\u2019R-zeaxanthin) and RS (meso)-zeaxanthin (3R,3\u2019S-RS- zeaxanthin) (L\/Zi) could protect against cell damage by ameliorating OS in retina. In this study, we examined the effect of L\/Zi supplementation in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration and investigated whether the treatment of L\/Zi ameliorated OS and ERS. BALB\/cJ mice after light exposure were used as the animal model. The protective effects of L\/Zi were observed by electroretinography (ERG) and terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis. The underlying mechanisms related to OS and ERS were explored by Western blotting. After L\/Zi treatment, the ERG amplitudes were significantly higher, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly reduced compared to that of the vehicle group. Western blotting results revealed that OS was ameliorated according to the significant downregulation of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and significant upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In addition, ERS was reduced according to the significant downregulation of 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and activating transcription factor (ATF6). Our data shows that L\/Zi provided functional and morphological preservation of photoreceptors against light damage, which is probably related to its mitigation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T10:53:33Z","timestamp":1530183213000},"page":"842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers Protect against Light-Induced Retinopathy via Decreasing Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in BALB\/cJ Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3115-8930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minzhong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Beight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304515","article-title":"Evidence of early ultrastructural photoreceptor abnormalities in light-induced retinal degeneration using spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"98","author":"Aziz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. 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