{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:38:35Z","timestamp":1793151515865,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["199586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["199586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infant formulas have been conventionally prepared with an excess of total protein in order to provide sufficient amounts of essential amino acids to the rapidly growing infant. However, this practice leads to higher than necessary protein intake during early infant development, inducing accelerated growth patterns correlated with the development of chronic diseases later in life. This study was aimed at assessing the safety of an infant formula enriched with bovine alpha-lactalbumin containing a total protein concentration very close to that of human milk, and determining its efficacy in the support of healthy infant growth from the first month to the fourth month of age. Healthy full-term infants \u226440 days of age were randomized in this controlled single blind trial to one of the following infant formulas: IF 1 (containing 1.0 g protein\/dL; n = 30), IF 2 (containing 1.3 g protein\/dL; n = 24), and IF 3 (containing 1.5 g protein\/dL; n = 42). A control group consisting of exclusively breastfed infants (HM; n = 212) was included in the study. Anthropometric measurements and Z-scores were evaluated at baseline, at 1 month of age, and at 4 months of age. Weight gain (g\/day) was similar in the IF 1 and the HM groups (p = 0.644), and it was significantly greater in the IF 2 and IF 3 groups than in the HM group. Growth patterns in both breastfed or IF-fed infants were in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards. At four months of age, the mean weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) adjusted for initial value in the IF 1 group was similar to that of the HM group and significantly lower than that of the IF 2 and IF 3 groups (p = 0.031 and p = 0.014 for IF 2 and IF 3, respectively). Length-for-age (LAZ) adjusted for initial value was similar among all groups at four months of age. From 1 to 4 months of life, IF 1 containing 1.0 g protein\/dL promotes growth and weight gain similar to those observed in exclusively breastfed infants. As this is a first approach to studying an IF containing total protein in a level below that recommended by international committees on nutrition, further investigations are needed to support these findings evaluating infant\u2019s metabolic profile and growth in the long term.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T10:01:46Z","timestamp":1531216906000},"page":"886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Lower Protein Intake Supports Normal Growth of Full-Term Infants Fed Formula: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lorena G.","family":"Oropeza-Ceja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Campus Juriquilla, Avenida de las Ciencias s\/n, Juriquilla, 76230 Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Campus Juriquilla, Avenida de las Ciencias s\/n, Juriquilla, 76230 Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico en Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nicas (CINDETEC) A.C., Avenida Jurica 122, Parque Industrial Quer\u00e9taro, 76220 Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Ronquillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Campus Juriquilla, Avenida de las Ciencias s\/n, Juriquilla, 76230 Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga P.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Campus Juriquilla, Avenida de las Ciencias s\/n, Juriquilla, 76230 Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del C.","family":"Caama\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Campus Juriquilla, Avenida de las Ciencias s\/n, Juriquilla, 76230 Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ugalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Nucitec, S.A. de C.V., Avenida Jurica 116, Parque Industrial Quer\u00e9taro, 76220 Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00ed","family":"Viveros-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Dr. Rafael S\u00e1nchez Altamirano s\/n, Industrial las \u00c1nimas, C.P. 91192 Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Duarte-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Nucitec, S.A. de C.V., Avenida Jurica 116, Parque Industrial Quer\u00e9taro, 76220 Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.6.1537S","article-title":"Nutritional and physiologic significance of human milk proteins","volume":"77","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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