{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:45:51Z","timestamp":1791557151067,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Here, we evaluated whether the same body mass index (BMI) for the U.S. population conferred similar metabolic risk in Japan. This was a cross-sectional analysis involving 90,047 Japanese adults (18\u201385 years) from St. Luke\u2019s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan and 14,734 adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected in the U.S. We compared the prevalence of hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia according to BMI in Japan and the U.S. The prevalence of hypertension, DM, and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the U.S. than Japan, whereas the prevalence of hyperuricemia did not differ between countries. Higher BMI was an independent risk factor for hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia both in Japan and in the U.S. after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and drinking habits, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors. The BMI cut-off above which the prevalence of these cardio-metabolic risk factors increased was significantly higher in the U.S. than in Japan (27 vs. 23 kg\/m2 for hypertension, 29 vs. 23 kg\/m2 for DM, 26 vs. 22 kg\/m2 for dyslipidemia, and 27 vs. 23 kg\/m2 for hyperuricemia). Higher BMI is associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia both in Japan and U.S. The BMI cut-off above which the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors increases is significantly lower in Japan than the U.S., suggesting that the same definition of overweight\/obesity may not be similarly applicable in both countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T11:03:26Z","timestamp":1533294206000},"page":"1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Different Risk for Hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Hyperuricemia According to Level of Body Mass Index in Japanese and American Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6601-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanari","family":"Kuwabara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, St. Luke\u2019s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remi","family":"Kuwabara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Niwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, St. Luke\u2019s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Hisatome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Genomic Function, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Roncal-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"MacLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Yracheta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Lanaspa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana I.","family":"Jalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (2016). 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