{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:28:02Z","timestamp":1790958482838,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,11]],"date-time":"2018-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Curves International, Inc","award":["WHFI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WHFI"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resistance training and maintenance of a higher protein diet have been recommended to help older individuals maintain muscle mass. This study examined whether adherence to a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition, markers of health, and\/or functional capacity in older females in comparison to following a traditional higher carbohydrate diet or exercise training alone with no diet intervention. In total, 54 overweight and obese females (65.9 \u00b1 4.7 years; 78.7 \u00b1 11 kg, 30.5 \u00b1 4.1 kg\/m2, 43.5 \u00b1 3.6% fat) were randomly assigned to an exercise-only group (E), an exercise plus hypo-energetic higher carbohydrate (HC) diet, or a higher protein diet (HP) diet. Participants followed their respective diet plans and performed a supervised 30-min circuit-style resistance exercise program 3 d\/wk. Participants were tested at 0, 10, and 14 weeks. Data were analyzed using univariate, multivariate, and repeated measures general linear model (GLM) statistics as well as one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of changes from baseline with [95% confidence intervals]. Results revealed that after 14 weeks, participants in the HP group experienced significantly greater reductions in weight (E \u22121.3 \u00b1 2.3, [\u22122.4, \u22120.2]; HC \u22123.0 \u00b1 3.1 [\u22124.5, \u22121.5]; HP \u22124.8 \u00b1 3.2, [\u22126.4, \u22123.1]%, p = 0.003), fat mass (E \u22122.7 \u00b1 3.8, [\u22124.6, \u22120.9]; HC \u22125.9 \u00b1 4.2 [\u22128.0, \u22123.9]; HP \u221210.2 \u00b1 5.8 [\u221213.2, \u20137.2%], p &lt; 0.001), and body fat percentage (E \u22122.0 \u00b1 3.5 [\u22123.7, \u22120.3]; HC \u22124.3 \u00b1 3.2 [\u22125.9, \u22122.8]; HP \u22126.3 \u00b1 3.5 [\u22128.1, \u22124.5] %, p = 0.002) with no significant reductions in fat-free mass or resting energy expenditure over time or among groups. Significant differences were observed in leptin (E \u22121.8 \u00b1 34 [\u221218, 14]; HC 43.8 \u00b1 55 [CI 16, 71]; HP \u221226.5 \u00b1 70 [\u221263, \u22129.6] ng\/mL, p = 0.001) and adiponectin (E 43.1 \u00b1 76.2 [6.3, 79.8]; HC \u221227.9 \u00b1 33.4 [\u221244.5, \u221211.3]; HP 52.3 \u00b1 79 [11.9, 92.8] \u00b5g\/mL, p = 0.001). All groups experienced significant improvements in muscular strength, muscular endurance, aerobic capacity, markers of balance and functional capacity, and several markers of health. These findings indicate that a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition compared to a higher carbohydrate diet in older females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T11:27:13Z","timestamp":1534159633000},"page":"1070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Effects of Adherence to a Higher Protein Diet on Weight Loss, Markers of Health, and Functional Capacity in Older Women Participating in a Resistance-Based Exercise Program"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Melyn","family":"Galbreath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Matrix Medical Net, New York, NY 10011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"La Bounty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Sports Science Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7794-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Dove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Special Operations Command, Preservation of the Force and Family, Human Performance, MacDill AFB, Tampa, FL 33621, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Kinesiology, &amp; Sport, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition &amp; Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Levers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elfego","family":"Galvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jagim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, MO 63301, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise &amp; Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise &amp; Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise &amp; Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Kreider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise &amp; Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-2-2-4","article-title":"Obesity: Prevalence, theories, medical consequences, management, and research directions","volume":"2","author":"Wilborn","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2016.01.008","article-title":"Muscle function and fat content in relation to sarcopenia, obesity and frailty of old age\u2014An overview","volume":"76","author":"Buch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.3909\/ricm17S1S004","article-title":"Nutritional deficiencies and sarcopenia in heart failure: A therapeutic opportunity to reduce hospitalization and death","volume":"17 (Suppl. 1)","author":"McCullough","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.06.004","article-title":"The most effective factors to offset sarcopenia and obesity in the older korean: Physical activity, vitamin d, and protein intake","volume":"33","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.152488","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity, weight loss, and mortality: The english longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"106","author":"Hamer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S106107","article-title":"Osteosarcopenic obesity in women: Impact, prevalence, and management challenges","volume":"9","author":"JafariNasabian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0701-8","article-title":"Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in comparison: Prevalence, metabolic profile, and key differences. A cross-sectional study in italian hospitalized elderly","volume":"29","author":"Perna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.09.006","article-title":"Sarcopenia in overweight and obese patients is a predictive factor for postoperative complication in gastric cancer: A prospective study","volume":"43","author":"Lou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21356","article-title":"Mid-adulthood cardiometabolic risk factor profiles of sarcopenic obesity","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-015-0638-1","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity and metabolic syndrome in adult caucasian subjects","volume":"20","author":"Poggiogalle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2016.10.014","article-title":"Low muscle attenuation is a prognostic factor for survival in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with first line palliative chemotherapy","volume":"31","author":"Rier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-015-0562-4","article-title":"Primary sarcopenia in older people with normal nutrition","volume":"20","author":"Yadigar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12105","article-title":"Benefits gained, benefits lost: Comparing baby boomers to other generations in a longitudinal cohort study of self-rated health","volume":"93","author":"Badley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Milbank Q."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Ginsburg, P.B. (2008). High and rising health care costs. Synth. Proj. Res. Synth. Rep., 16."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atc.2006.05.008","article-title":"Diseases of aging that emerge from the metabolic syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Whelan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity among older adults in the united states, 2007\u20132010","volume":"106","author":"Fakhouri","year":"2012","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2018, August 11). Osteoporosis\u2014Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Systematic Review, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28876760."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S54614","article-title":"The epidemiology and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis: A viewpoint from Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Baccaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afh201","article-title":"Interventions for sarcopenia and muscle weakness in older people","volume":"33","author":"Borst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434050-00005","article-title":"Effects of resistance training on older adults","volume":"34","author":"Hunter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0705-4","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise as countermeasures to physical frailty and sarcopenia","volume":"29","author":"Marzetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"131","article-title":"Role of exercise on sarcopenia in the elderly","volume":"49","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c","article-title":"American college of sports medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults","volume":"41","author":"Proctor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.01.021","article-title":"Recommendations on physical activity and exercise for older adults living in long-term care facilities: A taskforce report","volume":"17","author":"Morley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.07.013","article-title":"Malnutrition in the elderly: A narrative review","volume":"76","author":"Agarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2014.01.008","article-title":"Nutrition and protein energy homeostasis in elderly","volume":"136\u2013137","author":"Boirie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"272","article-title":"Protein turnover and requirements in the healthy and frail elderly","volume":"10","author":"Morais","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6874","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7085311","article-title":"Protein requirements and recommendations for older people: A review","volume":"7","author":"Nowson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0456","article-title":"Efficacy of a randomized trial examining commercial weight loss programs and exercise on metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women","volume":"42","author":"Baetge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-6-23","article-title":"Effects of a popular exercise and weight loss program on weight loss, body composition, energy expenditure and health in obese women","volume":"6","author":"Kerksick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-59","article-title":"Changes in weight loss, body composition and cardiovascular disease risk after altering macronutrient distributions during a regular exercise program in obese women","volume":"9","author":"Kerksick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2011.05.1893","article-title":"A carbohydrate-restricted diet during resistance training promotes more favorable changes in body composition and markers of health in obese women with and without insulin resistance","volume":"39","author":"Kreider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2011.03.013","article-title":"A structured diet and exercise program promotes favorable changes in weight loss, body composition, and weight maintenance","volume":"111","author":"Kreider","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet Assoc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2015.0096","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of protein- and carbohydrate-focused diets combined with exercise on metabolic syndrome prevalence in overweight and obese women","volume":"14","author":"Lockard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-8-8","article-title":"Effects of diet type and supplementation of glucosamine, chondroitin, and msm on body composition, functional status, and markers of health in women with knee osteoarthritis initiating a resistance-based exercise and weight loss program","volume":"8","author":"Wilborn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"93","article-title":"Exercise intensity and energy expenditure analysis of women participating in the curves\u00ae exercise program","volume":"LB","author":"Farris","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"A69","article-title":"Energy expenditure analysis of women participating in a computerized hydraulic circuit training program","volume":"22","author":"Kreider","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"93","article-title":"Analysis of exercise intensities of women using the curves\u00ae hydraulic training equipment","volume":"LB","author":"Wilborn","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(97)00754-2","article-title":"Indirect calorimetry: Technical aspects","volume":"97","author":"Matarese","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet Assoc."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"(2000). Acsm\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"S369","article-title":"Comparison of the reliability of repeated whole body dexa scans to repeated spine and hip scans","volume":"14","author":"Almada","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bone. Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070214","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism","volume":"88","author":"Steffen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.2.128","article-title":"Age- and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-minute walk test, berg balance scale, timed up & go test, and gait speeds","volume":"82","author":"Steffen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.09.011","article-title":"Estimating postural control with the balance rehabilitation unit: Measurement consistency, accuracy, validity, and comparison with dynamic posturography","volume":"95","author":"Alahmari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"997","article-title":"Community-based exercise program reduces risk factors for falls in 65- to 75-year-old women with osteoporosis: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"167","author":"Carter","year":"2002","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"35","article-title":"Evaluation of the dade behring dimension rxl clinical chemistry analyzer","volume":"47","author":"Cuka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.3.460","article-title":"Diagnosing insulin resistance in the general population","volume":"24","author":"McAuley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"726","article-title":"Beyond statistical significance: Clinical interpretation of rehabilitation research literature","volume":"9","author":"Page","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.160325","article-title":"The effects of dietary protein intake on appendicular lean mass and muscle function in elderly men: A 10-wk randomized controlled trial","volume":"106","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.01.071","article-title":"There are no nonresponders to resistance-type exercise training in older men and women","volume":"16","author":"Tieland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0177-8","article-title":"International society of sports nutrition position stand: Protein and exercise","volume":"14","author":"Jager","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-11-53","article-title":"A high-protein diet for reducing body fat: Mechanisms and possible caveats","volume":"11","author":"Pesta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665110003927","article-title":"Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing","volume":"70","author":"Koopman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000408184.21770.98","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: Strategies for management","volume":"111","author":"Benton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.01.018","article-title":"Energy-restricted, high-protein diets more effectively impact cardiometabolic profile in overweight and obese women than lower-protein diets","volume":"36","author":"Bea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01965.x","article-title":"Efficacy of low-calorie, partial meal replacement diet plans on weight and abdominal fat in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial of two diet plans - one high in protein and one nutritionally balanced","volume":"63","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2015-0160","article-title":"Effect of resistance training and various sources of protein supplementation on body fat mass and metabolic profile in sarcopenic overweight older adult men: A pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Maltais","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.109173","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation to caloric restriction and subsequent refeeding: The minnesota starvation experiment revisited","volume":"102","author":"Muller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.0936","article-title":"Effect of alternate-day fasting on weight loss, weight maintenance, and cardioprotection among metabolically healthy obese adults: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"177","author":"Trepanowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Int. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000342084","article-title":"Exercise training with weight loss and either a high- or low-glycemic index diet reduces metabolic syndrome severity in older adults","volume":"61","author":"Malin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.1.23","article-title":"Long-term effects of a high-protein weight-loss diet","volume":"87","author":"Clifton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155200","article-title":"Pretreatment fasting plasma glucose and insulin modify dietary weight loss success: Results from 3 randomized clinical trials","volume":"106","author":"Hjorth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11955","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12109-9","article-title":"Effect of caloric restriction on gut permeability, inflammation markers, and fecal microbiota in obese women","volume":"7","author":"Ott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-1065","article-title":"Effect of weight loss with or without exercise on inflammatory markers and adipokines in postmenopausal women: The shape-2 trial, a randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"May","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0884-x","article-title":"The effects of a protein enriched diet with lean red meat combined with a multi-modal exercise program on muscle and cognitive health and function in older adults: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Daly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"217","article-title":"Optimal management of sarcopenia","volume":"5","author":"Burton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-013-0225-0","article-title":"Developing a new treatment paradigm for disease prevention and healthy aging","volume":"4","author":"Winett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Behav. Med."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/8\/1070\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:18:11Z","timestamp":1760195891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/8\/1070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu10081070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10081070","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,11]]}}}