{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:33:47Z","timestamp":1791635627164,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12-132437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12-132437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin B12 (B12) is present in foods of animal origin, and vegans are encouraged to take supplements with synthetic B12 in order to ensure a sufficient uptake. Recent rat studies suggest that natural (hydroxo-B12, HO-B12) and synthetic (cyano-B12, CN-B12) B12 behave differently in the body. Here, we test if a daily vitamin pill matches dietary B12 in ability to restore a low B12 status in rats. B12-depleted male Wistar rats (n = 60) were divided into five groups (n = 12 in each) and subjected to two weeks intervention with various schemes of B12 supplementation. Two \u201cdietary\u201d groups received a low-B12 chow that was fortified with either HO-B12 or CN-B12 providing a continuous supply. Two \u201cpill\u201d groups received a single daily dose of CN-B12, where the vitamin content either matched or exceeded by factor four the provisions for the \u201cdietary\u201d groups. A control group received the low-B12 chow without B12 fortification. B12 was measured in plasma and tissues. Dietary B12 provides 35% more B12 to the tissues than an equivalent single daily dose (p &lt; 0.0001). Natural B12 delivers 25% more B12 to the liver than synthetic B12 (p = 0.0007). A fourfold increase in B12, supplemented as a single daily dose, does not provide any extra B12 to the tissues (p = 0.45). We conclude that dietary B12 is better at rescuing a low B12 status than a daily vitamin pill.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T10:40:07Z","timestamp":1534329607000},"page":"1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dietary Intake of Vitamin B12 is Better for Restoring a Low B12 Status Than a Daily High-Dose Vitamin Pill: An Experimental Study in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0417-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Greibe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Nymark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey N.","family":"Fedosov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian W.","family":"Heegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebba","family":"Nexo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17040","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.40","article-title":"Vitamin b12 deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19760063","article-title":"The forms of vitamin b12 in foods","volume":"36","author":"Farquharson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline (1998). Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin b6, Folate, Vitamin b12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline, National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Bioavailability of vitamin b12","volume":"51","author":"Scott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. 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An experimental study in rats","volume":"126","author":"Kornerup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451800123X","article-title":"The tissue profile of metabolically active coenzyme forms of vitamin b12 differs in b12-depleted rats treated with hydroxo-b12 and cyano-b12","volume":"120","author":"Greibe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1039\/C5DT04286K","article-title":"Photolytic properties of cobalamins: A theoretical perspective","volume":"45","author":"Kozlowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1424-0","article-title":"Tissue distribution of oral vitamin b12 is influenced by b12 status and b12 form: An experimental study in rats","volume":"57","author":"Kornerup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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(Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(72)90317-0","article-title":"The mechanism of vitamin b 12 by the kidney of the rat in vivo","volume":"261","author":"Newmark","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1968.tb02452.x","article-title":"Oral treatment of pernicious anemia with high doses of vitamin b12 without intrinsic factor","volume":"184","author":"Berlin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Med. Scand."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/8\/1096\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:18:58Z","timestamp":1760195938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/8\/1096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu10081096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10081096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]}}}