{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T05:13:52Z","timestamp":1768194832022,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]],"date-time":"2018-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder resulting from the presence of mutated hemoglobin S (HbS). Homozygous carriers will present with early manifestations of painful vaso-occlusive crises. SCD patients have been reported to be severely deficient in vitamin D (&lt;20 ng\/mL). Four years (2010\u20132014) of individual de-identified Sickle Cell Clinic of Southern Louisiana (SCCSL-SCD) patient records were analyzed for vitamin D status and the level of crisis-related ER\/hospital utilization. To determine the dietary, and behavioral mediators of SCD-crisis in our study population, a cohort of 102 SCCSL-SCD patients were administered a survey that evaluated sun exposure, dietary behaviors, and pain frequency and severity. Patients with circulating levels of 25(OH)D3 less than 14.1 ng\/mL reported having more crisis-related hospital visits per year (10) than patients with 25(OH)D3 serum levels &gt;34 ng\/mL. The result of the dietary survey detailed a relationship between patients who reported to have \u201cAlmost Never\u201d consumed fish or milk in their diets and more frequent hospital stays and ER visits than those who reported consuming these products on a daily basis. Those who consumed these foods in their diet several times a month also had fewer ER visits when compared to the \u201cAlmost Never\u201d category.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T08:23:50Z","timestamp":1538468630000},"page":"1384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Diet Mediates Vaso-Occlusive Related Hospitalizations in Sickle-Cell Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michael L.","family":"McCaskill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olalekan","family":"Ogunsakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tete","family":"Hottor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0319-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily W.","family":"Harville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Kruse-Jarres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"},{"name":"University of Washington, Washington Center for Bleeding Disorders at Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adults with sickle cell disease","volume":"102","author":"Goodman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23510","article-title":"Prevalence of sickle cell disease, hemoglobin s, and hemoglobin c among haitian newborns","volume":"88","author":"Rotz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.12.022","article-title":"Population estimates of sickle cell disease in the U.S.","volume":"38","author":"Hassell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.575","article-title":"A review of vitamin d levels in children in south London, with sickle cell disease","volume":"48","author":"Hoyland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.378","article-title":"Acute care utilization and rehospitalizations for sickle cell disease","volume":"303","author":"Brousseau","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1973.53.2.327","article-title":"Regulation of vitamin D metabolism and function","volume":"53","author":"Omdahl","year":"1973","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.18.2257","article-title":"Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"293","author":"Willett","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.1.18","article-title":"Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes","volume":"84","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.4065\/78.12.1463","article-title":"Prevalence of severe hypovitaminosis D in patients with persistent, nonspecific musculoskeletal pain","volume":"78","author":"Plotnikoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4677","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.4677.4677","article-title":"Vitamin D level and its correlation with hemoglobin in pediatric sickle cell disease patients","volume":"122","author":"Seelaboyina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3109\/08880018.2012.661034","article-title":"Vitamin d deficiency and comorbidities in children with sickle cell anemia","volume":"29","author":"Jackson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.15.8.833","article-title":"Investigational agents for sickle cell disease","volume":"15","author":"Okpala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(00)90053-2","article-title":"Total and resting energy expenditure in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"136","author":"Barden","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0770093","article-title":"Whole body protein turnover and resting metabolic rate in homozygous sickle cell disease","volume":"77","author":"Badaloo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.2.310","article-title":"Vitamin D intake: A global perspective of current status","volume":"135","author":"Calvo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2017). IBM SPSS Statistics. 24, IBM Corp."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl054","article-title":"Linoleic acid, vitamin D and other nutrient intakes in the risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma: An italian case-control study","volume":"17","author":"Polesel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1147","article-title":"Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intakes and prostate cancer risk in the national health and nutrition examination epidemiologic follow-up study cohort","volume":"81","author":"Tseng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.4.487","article-title":"The economic burden of non\u2013influenza-related viral respiratory tract infection in the United States","volume":"163","author":"Fendrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.03.018","article-title":"Vitamin d3 supplementation modulates inflammatory responses from the muscle damage induced by high-intensity exercise in SD rats","volume":"63","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.190.Supp.184.12","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency modulates the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance without altering regulators of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D","volume":"190","author":"Barker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102412","article-title":"Vitamin d inhibits monocyte\/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting mapk phosphatase-1","volume":"188","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.003","article-title":"What is the optimal vitamin D status for health?","volume":"92","author":"Vieth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0138","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in adults: When to test and how to treat","volume":"85","author":"Kennel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4065\/81.3.353","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin d inadequacy and implications for health","volume":"81","author":"Holick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30142","article-title":"Injury enhances tlr2 function and antimicrobial peptide expression through a vitamin d\u2013dependent mechanism","volume":"117","author":"Schauber","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S","article-title":"Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D","volume":"80","author":"DeLuca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2003.10719287","article-title":"Calcium absorption varies within the reference range for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D","volume":"22","author":"Heaney","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7327","article-title":"A global study of vitamin D status and parathyroid function in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Baseline data from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation clinical trial","volume":"86","author":"Lips","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/10\/1384\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:23:08Z","timestamp":1760196188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/10\/1384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nu10101384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10101384","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]]}}}