{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:04:46Z","timestamp":1760241886673,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BKF6006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BKF6006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The health benefits of fruits and vegetables are well-documented. Those rich in provitamin A carotenoids are good sources of vitamin A. This cross-sectional study indirectly assessed fruit and vegetable intakes using serum carotenoids in 193 schoolchildren aged 7 to 12 years in the Western part of Burkina Faso. The mean total serum carotenoid concentration was 0.23 \u00b1 0.29 \u00b5mol\/L, which included \u03b1- and \u03b2-carotene, lutein, and \u03b2-cryptoxanthin, and determined with serum retinol concentrations in a single analysis with high performance liquid chromatography. Serum retinol concentration was 0.80 \u00b1 0.35 \u00b5mol\/L with 46% of children (n = 88) having low values &lt;0.7 \u00b5mol\/L. Total serum carotene (the sum of \u03b1- and \u03b2-carotene) concentration was 0.13 \u00b1 0.24 \u00b5mol\/L, well below the reference range of 0.9\u20133.7 \u00b5mol carotene\/L used to assess habitual intake of fruits and vegetables. Individual carotenoid concentrations were determined for \u03b1-carotene (0.01 \u00b1 0.05 \u00b5mol\/L), \u03b2-carotene (0.17 \u00b1 0.24 \u00b5mol\/L), \u03b2-cryptoxanthin (0.07 \u00b1 0.06 \u00b5mol\/L), and lutein (0.06 \u00b1 0.05 \u00b5mol\/L). These results confirm the previously measured high prevalence of low serum vitamin A concentrations and adds information about low serum carotenoids among schoolchildren suggesting that they have low intakes of provitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T12:29:57Z","timestamp":1538656197000},"page":"1422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Serum Carotenoids Reveal Poor Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Schoolchildren in Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jean Fid\u00e8le","family":"Bationo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Muraz, Post Office Box 390, Bobo Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augustin N.","family":"Zeba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Post Office Box 545, Bobo Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Souheila","family":"Abbeddou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ghent, Department Public Health; 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine D.","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Post Office Box 545, Bobo Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier O.","family":"Sombier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Post Office Box 545, Bobo Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0875-5454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"Sheftel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Nutritional Sciences Department; Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imael Henri Nestor","family":"Bassole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Ouaga 1 Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Barro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Ouaga 1 Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Bosco","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Post Office Box 545, Bobo Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry A.","family":"Tanumihardjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Nutritional Sciences Department; Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2013). 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