{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:07:32Z","timestamp":1792022852582,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University in Bialystok, Poland","award":["Grant No. N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/012\/1118, N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/007\/1109, N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/008\/1109, N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/005\/1109, N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/006\/1109)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/012\/1118, N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/007\/1109, N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/008\/1109, N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/005\/1109, N\/ST\/ZB\/18\/006\/1109)."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A high-sucrose diet (HSD) is widely known for its cariogenic effects and promotion of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. However, the impact of the HSD diet on the salivary gland function as well as the level of salivary oxidative stress is still unknown and requires evaluation. Our study is the first to determine both redox balance and oxidative injury in the parotid and submandibular glands of rats fed the HSD diet compared to the control group. We have demonstrated that uric acid concentration and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase varied significantly in both the submandibular and parotid glands of HSD rats vs. the control group. However, enhanced oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA (increase in advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 8-hydroxy-2\u2019-deoxyguanosine) was observed only in the parotid glands of HSD rats. Moreover, the HSD diet also reduced the total protein content and amylase activity in both types of salivary glands and decreased the stimulated salivary flow rate. To sum up, an HSD diet reduces salivary gland function and disturbs the redox balance of the parotid as well as submandibular salivary glands. However, the parotid glands are more vulnerable to both antioxidant disturbances and oxidative damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T10:22:54Z","timestamp":1539771774000},"page":"1530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Eight-Week Consumption of High-Sucrose Diet Has a Pro-Oxidant Effect and Alters the Function of the Salivary Glands of Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5609-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Maciejczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7798-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Matczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County Veterinary Inspection, Zwyci\u0119stwa 26b Street, 15-959 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"\u017bendzian-Piotrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wies\u0142awa","family":"Nikli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Fejfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowska 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Szarmach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4167-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy Robert","family":"\u0141adny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Disasters, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Zieniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowska 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4562-0951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zalewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowska 24a Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192627","article-title":"Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health: A scientific statement from the american heart association","volume":"120","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (1985). 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