{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T22:00:17Z","timestamp":1774908017011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"K.G.-R. received a scholarship from Universidad del Rosario, Colombia, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, to do a Doctorate","award":["Universidad del Rosario, Colombia, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Universidad del Rosario, Colombia, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud"]}]},{"name":"This study was part of the project entitled \u201cBody Adiposity Index and Biomarkers of Endothelial and Cardiovascular Health in Adults\u201d and FUPRECOL Study, which was funded by Centre for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Hea","award":["Code N\u00b0 FIUR DN-BG001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Code N\u00b0 FIUR DN-BG001"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Boyac\u00e1","award":["Code N\u00b0 RECT 60"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Code N\u00b0 RECT 60"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the associations of muscular fitness and various indicators of body fatness with cardio-metabolic risk factors and determined the muscular strength and body fatness thresholds for detecting a high risk of cardio-metabolic dysfunction in young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1798 collegiate students (61.5% females, mean age 20.5 years). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)\/body mass (kg)). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of fat mass (BF%), fat-mass index (FMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were also included as body fatness measurements. A high cardio-metabolic risk cluster was derived by assessing triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure. Logistic regression models showed that men and women with lower NGS had an increased cardio-metabolic risk odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.9, p = 0.006, and OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5, p = 0.036, respectively). In both sexes, higher levels of all fatness parameters were also associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk (p &lt; 0.001). In both men and women, high FMI had the highest OR for clustered risk (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 8.4, and OR = 7.3, 95% CI 3.4 to 9.7, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Combined analysis showed that unfitness (lower NGS) and high fat had the highest OR for WC and FMI in men and women, respectively (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 2.6 to 11.4, OR = 7.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 15.8, p &lt; 0.01). Muscular strength and body fatness are independently and jointly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in young adults, which suggests that both are predictor variables for this.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T02:42:41Z","timestamp":1542163361000},"page":"1742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Association of Muscular Fitness and Body Fatness with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The FUPRECOL Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9165-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Correa-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. De la Ilustraci\u00f3n, 60, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3075-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robinson","family":"Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios para la Medici\u00f3n de la Actividad F\u00edsica CEMA, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogot\u00e1 111221, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Enrique","family":"Correa-Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios para la Medici\u00f3n de la Actividad F\u00edsica CEMA, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogot\u00e1 111221, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4785-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo del Pilar","family":"Castellanos-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CORPS Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Boyac\u00e1, Boyac\u00e1 153610, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florencio","family":"Arias-Coronel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CORPS Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Boyac\u00e1, Boyac\u00e1 153610, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ru\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Ejercicio F\u00edsico y Deportes, Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltr\u00e1n, Bogot\u00e1 DC 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Alejandro Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo GRINDER, programa de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica y Deportes, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 76001, Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud y Sociedad (GIESS), Instituci\u00f3n Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, Santiago de Cali 76001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Schmidt-RioValle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. De la Ilustraci\u00f3n, 60, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5103-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. De la Ilustraci\u00f3n, 60, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1406656","article-title":"Demographic and Epidemiologic Drivers of Global Cardiovascular Mortality","volume":"372","author":"Roth","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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