{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T03:00:55Z","timestamp":1783047655592,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The study was conducted as the project of the Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research in the University of Rzesz\u00f3w, and it was co-financed by the Regional Operational Program for the Podkarpackie Province for the years 2007- 2013","award":["Contract number UDA-RPPK.01.03.00-18-004\/12-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract number UDA-RPPK.01.03.00-18-004\/12-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary and proven therapy, in cases of celiac disease (CD), is a rigorous gluten-free diet (GFD). However, there are reports of its negative effects in the form of nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and adverse changes in body composition. The study aimed to assess the impact of a GFD on the body composition of children with CD. In a case-controlled study (n = 41; mean age 10.81 y; SD = 3.96) children with CD, in various stages of treatment, underwent medical assessment. The control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents, strictly matched for gender and age in a 1:1 case-control manner. More than half of the examined children (n = 26) followed a GFD. CD children had significantly higher mean values of the fat free mass (FFM% = 80.68 vs. 76.66, p = 0.015), and total body water (TBW% = 65.22 vs. 60.47, p = 0.012), and lower mean values of the fat mass (FM% = 19.32 vs. 23.34, p = 0.015). Children who were on a GFD presented slightly higher, but not statistically significant, mean values of FM and FFM, than children who did not follow dietary recommendations (FM [kg] = 7.48 vs. 5.24, p = 0.064; FM% = 20.81 vs. 16.73, p = 0.087; FFM [kg] = 28.19 vs. 22.62, p = 0.110). After minimum one year of a GFD, CD children showed significantly higher values of FFM [kg] (p = 0.001), muscle mass (MM) [kg] (p &lt; 0.001), TBW [L] (p &lt; 0.001) and body cell mass (BCM) [kg] (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, CD children who were on a GFD presented a significantly higher increase in weight (p = 0.034) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.021). The children adhering to a GFD demonstrate a tendency towards higher indices of selected body composition components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T09:18:25Z","timestamp":1542878305000},"page":"1817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Relationship between Body Composition and a Gluten Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0101-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Wi\u0119ch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdzis\u0142awa","family":"Chmiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1717-1319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Bazali\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Sa\u0142aci\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bartosiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5393-3515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Clinical Provincial Hospital No. 2 in Rzesz\u00f3w, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35301 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1626-1283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Korczowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Clinical Provincial Hospital No. 2 in Rzesz\u00f3w, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35301 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Binkowska-Bury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4431-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"D\u0105browski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, 35959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Diabetic Outpatient Clinic, Medical Center \u201cBeta-Med\u201d Rzesz\u00f3w, 35073 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0","article-title":"European society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease","volume":"54","author":"Husby","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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