{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:44:30Z","timestamp":1789868670185,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,25]],"date-time":"2018-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss National Foundation Professorship","award":["PP00B-114864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP00B-114864"]}]},{"name":"Baugarten Foundation Centre","award":["Grant to the Centre on Aging and Mobility at the University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant to the Centre on Aging and Mobility at the University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity and sarcopenia are major causes of morbidity and mortality among seniors. Vitamin D deficiency is very common especially among seniors and has been associated with both muscle health and obesity. This study investigated if 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status is associated with body composition and insulin resistance using baseline data of a completed RCT among relatively healthy community-dwelling seniors (271 seniors age 60+ years undergoing elective surgery for unilateral total knee replacement due to osteoarthritis). Cross-sectional analysis compared appendicular lean mass index (ALMI: lean mass kg\/height m2) and fat mass index (FMI: fat mass kg\/height m2) assessed by DXA and insulin resistance between quartiles of serum 25(OH)D concentration using multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). Participants in the lowest serum 25(OH)D quartile (4.7\u201317.5 ng\/mL) had a higher fat mass (9.3 kg\/m2) compared with participants in the third (8.40 kg\/m2; Q3 = 26.1\u201334.8 ng\/mL) and highest (8.37 kg\/m2; Q4 = 34.9\u201362.5 ng\/mL) quartile (poverall = 0.03). Higher serum 25(OH)D quartile status was associated with higher insulin sensitivity (poverall = 0.03) and better beta cell function (p = 0.004). Prevalence of insulin resistance tended to be higher in the second compared with the highest serum 25(OH)D quartile (14.6% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.06). Our findings suggest that lower serum 25(OH)D status may be associated with greater fat mass and impaired glucose metabolism, independent of BMI and other risk factors for diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T03:24:27Z","timestamp":1543202667000},"page":"1826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Components of Body Composition and Glucose Metabolism in Older Men and Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Svea-Vivica","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bess","family":"Dawson-Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Freystaetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Beuschlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simeon","family":"Schietzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Egli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike A.","family":"Bischoff-Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, City Hospital Waid, 8037 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.107","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: The confluence of two epidemics","volume":"12","author":"Roubenoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06498.x","article-title":"Body composition in healthy aging","volume":"904","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0533","article-title":"Insulin resistance and sarcopenia: Mechanistic links between common co-morbidities","volume":"229","author":"Cleasby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.250","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity predicts instrumental activities of daily living disability in the elderly","volume":"12","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.06.010","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: A Critical appraisal of the current evidence","volume":"31","author":"Prado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.120873","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: Pandemic?","volume":"103","author":"Cashman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2174\/187152013804487353","article-title":"Relevance of vitamin D in bone and muscle health of cancer patients","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-015-0657-y","article-title":"BMI and body fat mass is inversely associated with Vitamin D levels in older individuals","volume":"19","author":"Ham","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.11.011","article-title":"Vitamin D status is a determinant of skeletal muscle mass in obesity according to body fat percentage","volume":"31","author":"Shantavasinkul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v15i4.15","article-title":"Low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated to higher BMI and metabolic syndrome parameters in adult subjects in Turkey","volume":"15","author":"Tosunbayraktar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017535728844","article-title":"In situ detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in human skeletal muscle tissue","volume":"33","author":"Bischoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Histochem. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2004.19.2.265","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor expression in human muscle tissue decreases with age","volume":"19","author":"Borchers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-010-9270-x","article-title":"Multi-step immunofluorescent analysis of vitamin D receptor loci and myosin heavy chain isoforms in human skeletal muscle","volume":"41","author":"Ceglia","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Histol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1927","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2820","article-title":"A randomized study on the effect of vitamin D(3) supplementation on skeletal muscle morphology and vitamin D receptor concentration in older women","volume":"98","author":"Ceglia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512003285","article-title":"Vitamin D signalling in adipose tissue","volume":"108","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0584fje","article-title":"1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates human adipocyte metabolism via nongenomic action","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.011684","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on pancreatic beta cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia in adults at high risk of diabetes: The Calcium and Vitamin D for Diabetes Mellitus (CaDDM) randomized controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Mitri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1994","article-title":"The effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood glucose and markers of inflammation in nondiabetic adults","volume":"30","author":"Pittas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515003633","article-title":"Relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status with skeletal muscle mass by sex and age group among Korean adults","volume":"114","author":"Ko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5766","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030604","article-title":"Longitudinal Aging Study A: Low vitamin D and high parathyroid hormone levels as determinants of loss of muscle strength and muscle mass (sarcopenia): The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam","volume":"88","author":"Visser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4158\/EP09050.ORR","article-title":"Osteomalacia with bone marrow fibrosis due to severe vitamin D deficiency after a gastrointestinal bypass operation for severe obesity","volume":"15","author":"Qiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.3.752","article-title":"Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged > or = 60 year","volume":"80","author":"Dietrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.106","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D for obesity: A review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"65","author":"Soares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.052936","article-title":"Routine isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for simultaneous measurement of the 25-hydroxy metabolites of vitamins D2 and D3","volume":"51","author":"Maunsell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1309\/J32UF7GTQPWN25AP","article-title":"Quantification of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) and D(3) using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry and examination of reference intervals for diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency","volume":"125","author":"Saenger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and The National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2016, November 01). Vitamin D Metabolites Quality Assurance Program, Available online: http:\/\/www.nist.gov\/mml\/analytical\/vitdqap.cfm."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1891\/1061-3749.9.3.275","article-title":"Measurement of activity in older adults: Reliability and validity of the Step Activity Monitor","volume":"9","author":"Resnick","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Meas."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22362","article-title":"Daily walking and the risk of incident functional limitation in knee osteoarthritis: An observational study","volume":"66","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302009000200020","article-title":"HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR indexes in identifying insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS)","volume":"53","author":"Geloneze","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-12-2","article-title":"Sex-specific determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations in an elderly German cohort: A cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Jungert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e318199d5d5","article-title":"Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and body composition in postmenopausal women: The postmenopausal Health Study","volume":"16","author":"Moschonis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03887.x","article-title":"Association between visceral obesity and sarcopenia and vitamin D deficiency in older Koreans: The Ansan Geriatric Study","volume":"60","author":"Seo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7010091","article-title":"The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, cardiorespiratory fitness, and insulin resistance in Japanese men","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"273","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetics and reduced insulin production in type 2 diabetics","volume":"47","author":"Esteghamati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.09.197","article-title":"The relationship between serum vitamin D and HOMA-IR in overweight elderly patients","volume":"177","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.093831","article-title":"Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with markers of the insulin resistant phenotype in nondiabetic adults","volume":"139","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0399-0","article-title":"Associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, dementia and depression in European elderly: The SENECA study","volume":"52","author":"Feskens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2014.55.4.1036","article-title":"Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and insulin resistance in a rural population","volume":"55","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S558","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.558S","article-title":"Assessing the vitamin D status of the US population","volume":"88","author":"Yetley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.860","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 year: Nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors","volume":"85","author":"Hypponen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0722","article-title":"Reduced sun exposure does not explain the inverse association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with percent body fat in older adults","volume":"92","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.404","article-title":"Volumetric dilution, rather than sequestration best explains the low vitamin D status of obesity","volume":"20","author":"Drincic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690","article-title":"Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity","volume":"72","author":"Wortsman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.510","article-title":"Is vitamin D a determinant of muscle mass and strength?","volume":"26","author":"Marantes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.09.016","article-title":"A positive association of vitamin D deficiency and sarcopenia in 50 year old women, but not men","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.144","article-title":"Low vitamin D status is associated with reduced muscle mass and impaired physical performance in frail elderly people","volume":"67","author":"Tieland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.12.022","article-title":"Vitamin D serum levels are associated with handgrip strength but not with muscle mass or length of hospital stay after hip fracture","volume":"31","author":"Gumieiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/12\/1826\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:31:59Z","timestamp":1760196719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/12\/1826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,25]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["nu10121826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10121826","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,25]]}}}