{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T17:59:52Z","timestamp":1792864792068,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16KT0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16KT0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To develop effective nutritional interventions for preventing frailty, the specific problems associated with the dietary habits of individuals based on sex differences must be identified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary habits and frailty in rural Japanese community-dwelling older adults. We recruited 800 participants, aged 65 and older, who underwent a comprehensive health examination between November 2015 and December 2017. Dietary habits were assessed by a brief self-administered dietary history questionnaire. Frailty was determined using either the Kihon Checklist (KCL) or the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS). The percentage of frail older adults was 8.4% according to KCL and 4.0% according to J-CHS. Various kinds of nutrient intakes, including three major nutrients, minerals, and vitamins in frail men, according to KCL, were the lowest. By contrast, there were no differences in nutrient intake between the robust, prefrail, and frail female groups according to KCL. We found significant associations of the intakes of soluble dietary fiber, potassium, folate, and vitamin C with a frail status in men (p = 0.035, 0.023. 0.012, and 0.007, respectively), and an association of the intake of vitamin C with a frail status in women (p = 0.027) according to J-CHS. Attention should be paid to the diagnostic criteria of frailty and to sex differences, when nutritional interventions for the prevention of frailty are planned.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T12:11:08Z","timestamp":1544789468000},"page":"1982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Relationship between Dietary Habits and Frailty in Rural Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Observation Study Using a Brief Self-Administered Dietary History Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kusunoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Sasayama, Hyogo 669-2321, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Sasayama, Hyogo 669-2321, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Sasayama, Hyogo 669-2321, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2726-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koutatsu","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Amano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatsuo","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9112-5981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohji","family":"Shimomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Sasayama, Hyogo 669-2321, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Shinmura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Sasayama, Hyogo 669-2321, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.731","article-title":"Frailty: An emerging research and clinical paradigm--issues and controversies","volume":"62","author":"Bergman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","article-title":"Frailty consensus: A call to action","volume":"14","author":"Morley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.9.984","article-title":"Initial manifestations of frailty criteria and the development of frailty phenotype in the Women\u2019s Health and Aging Study II","volume":"63","author":"Xue","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-014-0568-3","article-title":"Frailty and nutrition: Searching for evidence","volume":"19","author":"Bonnefoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.005","article-title":"Frailty and nutrition: From epidemiological and clinical evidence to potential mechanisms","volume":"68","author":"Yannakoulia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.6.589","article-title":"Low nutrient intake is an essential component of frailty in older persons","volume":"61","author":"Bartali","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03776.x","article-title":"Effects of exercise and amino acid supplementation on body composition and physical function in community-dwelling elderly Japanese sarcopenic women: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011000504","article-title":"Comparison of relative validity of food group intakes estimated by comprehensive and brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaires against 16 d dietary records in Japanese adults","volume":"14","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorenzo-Lopez, L., Maseda, A., de Labra, C., Regueiro-Folgueira, L., Rodriguez-Villamil, J.L., and Millan-Calenti, J.C. (2017). Nutritional determinants of frailty in older adults: A systematic review. BMC Geriatr., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0496-2"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.05.005","article-title":"Higher Protein but Not Energy Intake Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the French Three-City Cohort","volume":"17","author":"Rahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, M., Yamada, Y., Nanri, H., Nozawa, Y., Itoi, A., Yoshimura, E., Watanabe, Y., Yoshida, T., Yokoyama, K., and Goto, C. (2018). Association between the Frequency of Protein-Rich Food Intakes and Kihon-Checklist Frailty Indices in Older Japanese Adults: The Kyoto-Kameoka Study. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010084"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.3.422","article-title":"Frailty amplifies the effects of aging on protein metabolism: Role of protein intake","volume":"78","author":"Chevalier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"272","article-title":"Protein turnover and requirements in the healthy and frail elderly","volume":"10","author":"Morais","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho-Junior, H.J., Rodrigues, B., Uchida, M., and Marzetti, E. (2018). Low Protein Intake Is Associated with Frailty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091334"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy105","article-title":"Low vitamin intake is associated with risk of frailty in older adults","volume":"47","author":"Struijk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12543","article-title":"Validity of the Kihon Checklist for assessing frailty status","volume":"16","author":"Satake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.010","article-title":"Combined prevalence of frailty and mild cognitive impairment in a population of elderly Japanese people","volume":"14","author":"Shimada","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20110075","article-title":"Both comprehensive and brief self-administered diet history questionnaires satisfactorily rank nutrient intakes in Japanese adults","volume":"22","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Ministry of Education, C., Sports, Science and Technology (2012, February 01). The 5th revision of Standard Food Composition Table of Japanese Foods (in Japanese), Available online: http:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/b_menu\/shingi\/gijyutu\/gijyutu3\/houkoku\/1298713.htm."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.2015-0015-IR","article-title":"Cardiac Senescence, Heart Failure, and Frailty: A Triangle in Elderly People","volume":"65","author":"Shinmura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Keio. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1988.tb05443.x","article-title":"The influence of alcohol on nutritional status","volume":"46","author":"Lieber","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.08.006","article-title":"The biology of aging and frailty","volume":"27","author":"Fedarko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-010-9287-2","article-title":"Aging, frailty and age-related diseases","volume":"11","author":"Fulop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: A position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000479","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: Literature update","volume":"30","author":"Vina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1290756","article-title":"Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota","volume":"8","author":"Holscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","article-title":"From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites","volume":"165","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, D., Zhao, S., Li, D., Chang, F., Tian, X., Huang, G., Zhu, Z., Liu, D., Dou, X., and Li, S. (2016). Nutrient Intake Is Associated with Longevity Characterization by Metabolites and Element Profiles of Healthy Centenarians. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8090564"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt196","article-title":"Macronutrients, diet quality, and frailty in older men","volume":"69","author":"Shikany","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/12\/1982\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:34:03Z","timestamp":1760196843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/12\/1982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["nu10121982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10121982","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]}}}