{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:00:50Z","timestamp":1773280850764,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]],"date-time":"2018-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJ01158104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ01158104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dry mouth is a common complaint among the elderly population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ixeris dentata (IXD) extract on aging-induced dry mouth. We used young (two months) and aged (20 months) SD rats in our study. Using water as the vehicle, IXD extract (25, 50, and 100 mg\/kg) was given via oral gavage to the young and aged rats for eight weeks. We found that the salivary flow rate relative to the submandibular gland weight was differently influenced by IXD extract treatment. IXD extract augmented the submandibular gland acinar cells, which are depleted during aging. In addition, the decreased salivary alpha-amylase, inositol triphosphate receptor, and aquaporin-5 in the aging rats were upregulated by IXD treatment. Free radical-induced oxidative stress in the aging rats was also alleviated in the IXD-treated group. The formation of high molecular weight complexes of protein disulfide isomerase, decreased expression of an ER chaperone (GRP78), and increased ER stress response (ATF-4, CHOP and p-JNK) in aging rats was regulated with IXD treatment, and eventually increased salivary secretions from the aging submandibular glands. These are the first data to suggest that IXD extract might ameliorate aging-associated oral dryness by regulating the ER environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T02:15:59Z","timestamp":1545099359000},"page":"1989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Potential Application of Ixeris dentata in the Prevention and Treatment of Aging-Induced Dry Mouth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4781-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kashi Raj","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwa-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Sug","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 54875, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Ryong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Jung","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2014.03.003","article-title":"Prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation and their association with quality of life in elderly patients in dependence on dental status and prosthetic rehabilitation: A pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Hahnel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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