{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:30:47Z","timestamp":1762522247506,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is an emerging gluten-related condition. We investigated whether the presence of autoimmune stigmata in a group of patients with clinical suspicion of NCGS and a histological picture of microscopic enteritis (ME) could be a predictive factor of NCGS. Patients with ME were followed up by periodical examinations. At baseline, we collected data about previous clinical history, including autoimmune diseases. NCGS was diagnosed according to Salerno criteria; other causes of ME were diagnosed according to well-established protocols. Patients with celiac disease were excluded. Student\u2019s and chi-square tests were used in univariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). Sixty-three patients were included. Twenty-two had a final diagnosis of NCGS; the remaining 41 had non-gluten-related causes of ME. Prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis was higher among NCGS patients (40.1%) than in other ME (14.6%; p = 0.03). NCGS showed higher positivity rate for anti-gliadin (27.3% versus 2.5%; p = 0.006) and anti-nucleus (45.4% versus 12.2%; p = 0.005). Autoimmune thyroiditis had a non-significant trend (p = 0.06) for NCGS diagnosis, (HR = 2.4). Both anti-gliadin (HR = 2.4; p = 0.04) and anti-nucleus (HR = 2.7; p = 0.04) were directly associated with NCGS diagnosis. In conclusion, NCGS may have a cohort of autoimmune stigmata that can precede its diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10122001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T03:12:30Z","timestamp":1545102750000},"page":"2001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Predictivity of Autoimmune Stigmata for Gluten Sensitivity in Subjects with Microscopic Enteritis: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Losurdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari (Italy), Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariabeatrice","family":"Principi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari (Italy), Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Iannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari (Italy), Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Giangaspero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari (Italy), Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Piscitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"Ierardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari (Italy), Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Di Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari (Italy), Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8284-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari (Italy), Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.12.049","article-title":"Nonceliac gluten sensitivity","volume":"148","author":"Fasano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014000652","article-title":"Motivations for avoiding wheat consumption in Australia: Results from a population survey","volume":"18","author":"Golley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.188","article-title":"Between celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome: The \u201cno man\u2019s land\u201d of gluten sensitivity","volume":"104","author":"Verdu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. 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