{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T01:29:22Z","timestamp":1773451762573,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI14\/01563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI14\/01563"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sociedad de Endocrinolog\u00eda Nutrici\u00f3n y Diabetes de la Comunidad de Madrid (SENDIMAD)","award":["IPI\/2017\/NR2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPI\/2017\/NR2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A prenatal diet affects materno-foetal outcomes. This is a post hoc analysis of the St. Carlos gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) Prevention Study. It aims to evaluate the effect of a late first-trimester (&gt;12 gestational weeks) degree of adherence to a MedDiet pattern\u2014based on six food targets\u2014on a composite of materno-foetal outcomes (CMFCs). The CMFCs were defined as having emergency C-section, perineal trauma, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, prematurity, large-for-gestational-age, and\/or small-for-gestational-age. A total of 874 women were stratified into three groups according to late first-trimester compliance with six food targets: &gt;12 servings\/week of vegetables, &gt;12 servings\/week of fruits, &lt;2 servings\/week of juice, &gt;3 servings\/week of nuts, &gt;6 days\/week consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and \u226540 mL\/day of EVOO. High adherence was defined as complying with 5\u20136 targets; moderate adherence 2\u20134 targets; low adherence 0\u20131 targets. There was a linear association between high, moderate, and low adherence, and a lower risk of GDM, CMFCs, urinary tract infections (UTI), prematurity, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns (all p &lt; 0.05). The odds ratios (95% CI) for GDM and CMFCs in women with a high adherence were 0.35((0.18\u20130.67), p = 0.002) and 0.23((0.11\u20130.48), p &lt; 0.001), respectively. Late first-trimester high adherence to the predefined six food targets is associated with a reduction in the risk of GDM, CMFCs, UTI, prematurity, and SGA new-borns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T07:22:30Z","timestamp":1546240950000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["A High Adherence to Six Food Targets of the Mediterranean Diet in the Late First Trimester is Associated with a Reduction in the Risk of Materno-Foetal Outcomes: The St. Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6217-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Assaf-Balut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Garc\u00eda de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bordi\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Del Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Valerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Herraiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Torrej\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Paz","family":"De Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Barabash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0495-6240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, 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