{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:54:05Z","timestamp":1792198445480,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid cancers developed from the tissues of the thyroid gland are classified into papillary (PTC), follicular (FTC), medullary (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Although thyroid cancers have been generally known as mild forms of cancer, undifferentiated MTC and ATC have a more unfavorable prognosis than differentiated PTC and FTC because they are more aggressive and early metastatic. A variety of therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been currently used to treat thyroid cancer, but they still have limitations including drug resistance or unfavorable side effects. Phytochemicals are plant-derived chemicals having various physiological activities that are expected to be effective in cancer treatment. In this review, anticancer efficacy of phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, genistein, curcumin, and other substances in each type of thyroid cancer was introduced with their chemopreventive mechanisms. English articles related with thyroid cancer and anti-thyroid cancer of phytochemicals were searched from PubMed and Google Scholar. This article mainly focused on in vitro or animal studies on phytochemicals with anti-thyroid cancer activity. These various phytochemicals have been shown to induce apoptosis in all types of thyroid cancer cells, inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, and to be helpful in enhancing the effect of radioiodine therapy that is a typical therapy to thyroid cancer. These results suggest that thyroid cancer can be more effectively treated by the combinations of phytochemicals and the existing therapies or substances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T03:22:31Z","timestamp":1547090551000},"page":"125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Antitumor Effect of Various Phytochemicals on Diverse Types of Thyroid Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hye-Ji","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-A","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1925-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-Chul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2016). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. Lancet, 388, 1545\u20131602."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30172-6","article-title":"Thyroid cancer","volume":"388","author":"Cabanillas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Siegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-061512-105739","article-title":"Thyroid cancer","volume":"65","author":"Carling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2002). Genetics of endocrine and neuroendocrine neoplasias (pdq(r)): Health professional version, Pdq Cancer Information Summaries."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000485971","article-title":"Thyroid cancer induction: Nitrates as independent risk factors or risk modulators after radiation exposure, with a focus on the chernobyl accident","volume":"7","author":"Drozd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Thyroid J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.142","article-title":"Molecular genetics and diagnosis of thyroid cancer","volume":"7","author":"Nikiforov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-007-0014-3","article-title":"Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: An overview","volume":"9","author":"Cornett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2012.09.002","article-title":"Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and ret proto-oncogene: Mutation spectrum in the familial cases and a meta-analysis of studies on the sporadic form","volume":"752","author":"Figlioli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90321-2","article-title":"Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer","volume":"97","author":"Mazzaferri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12811.1","article-title":"Recent advances in managing differentiated thyroid cancer","volume":"7","author":"Lamartina","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"84","article-title":"Cancer therapy with phytochemicals: Evidence from clinical studies","volume":"5","author":"Hosseini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Phytomed."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507882997","article-title":"Concentrations of resveratrol and derivatives in foods and estimation of dietary intake in a spanish population: European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)-Spain cohort","volume":"100","author":"Berenguer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bap024","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/bap024","article-title":"Phenol-explorer: An online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods","volume":"2010","author":"Neveu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Database"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13466","article-title":"Resveratrol and cancer treatment: Updates","volume":"1403","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459497","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1459497","article-title":"The beneficial effects of quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol in obesity","volume":"2017","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.08.002","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of natural stilbenoids: A review","volume":"124","author":"Dvorakova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.070","article-title":"Resveratrol and diabetes: A critical review of clinical studies","volume":"95","author":"Ozturk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yousef, M., Vlachogiannis, I.A., and Tsiani, E. (2017). Effects of resveratrol against lung cancer: In vitro and in vivo studies. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111231"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1579","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits the growth of gastric cancer via the wnt\/beta-catenin pathway","volume":"16","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29112","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25631","article-title":"Resveratrol prevents p53 aggregation in vitro and in breast cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Campos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2016.1263597","article-title":"Resveratrol as an anti-cancer agent: A review","volume":"58","author":"Rauf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.3.397","article-title":"Radiation carcinogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Little","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.937","article-title":"Changes in lipid peroxide levels and the activity of reactive oxygen scavenging systems in thyroid tissue after exposure to radioactive iodine in rats","volume":"7","author":"Sadani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839597","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/839597","article-title":"Resveratrol sensitizes selectively thyroid cancer cell to 131-iodine toxicity","volume":"2014","author":"Hosseinimehr","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3868","DOI":"10.1021\/jo3002134","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of trans-resveratrol toward hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals: A quantum chemical and computational kinetics study","volume":"77","author":"Iuga","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-12-0841","article-title":"Resveratrol induces differentiation markers expression in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma via activation of notch1 signaling and suppresses cell growth","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-1488-z","article-title":"Resveratrol induces notch2-mediated apoptosis and suppression of neuroendocrine markers in medullary thyroid cancer","volume":"18","author":"Truong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8345","article-title":"Resveratrol induces apoptosis in thyroid cancer cell lines via a mapk- and p53-dependent mechanism","volume":"87","author":"Shih","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.393","article-title":"Retinoic acid redifferentiation therapy for thyroid cancer","volume":"10","author":"Schmutzler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y.T., Tian, X.T., Wu, M.L., Zheng, X., Kong, Q.Y., Cheng, X.X., Zhu, G.W., Liu, J., and Li, H. (2018). Resveratrol suppresses the growth and enhances retinoic acid sensitivity of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041030"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, X., Jia, B., Song, X., Kong, Q.Y., Wu, M.L., Qiu, Z.W., Li, H., and Liu, J. (2018). Preventive potential of resveratrol in carcinogen-induced rat thyroid tumorigenesis. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030279"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.02.003","article-title":"Generation of novel thyroid cancer stem-like cell clones: Effects of resveratrol and valproic acid","volume":"186","author":"Hardin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(02)00342-2","article-title":"Solvent extraction selection in the determination of isoflavones in soy foods","volume":"777","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.1997.3.7","article-title":"A comparative survey of leguminous plants as sources of the isoflavones, genistein and daidzein: Implications for human nutrition and health","volume":"3","author":"Kaufman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9039205","article-title":"Isoflavones in coffee: Influence of species, roast degree, and brewing method","volume":"58","author":"Alves","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45614-1","article-title":"Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific protein kinases","volume":"262","author":"Akiyama","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1912","article-title":"Genistein induces apoptosis in immature human thymocytes by inhibiting topoisomerase-II","volume":"194","author":"McCabe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(00)00046-0","article-title":"Direct inhibition of glycine receptors by genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"401","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor enhances proliferation, migration, and invasion of follicular and papillary thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo","volume":"79","author":"Hoelting","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-3753","article-title":"Transforming growth factor alpha expression drives constitutive epidermal growth factor receptor pathway activation and sensitivity to gefitinib (iressa) in human pancreatic cancer cell lines","volume":"66","author":"Pino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.00352.x","article-title":"Association of lyn tyrosine kinase with the nuclear matrix and cell-cycle-dependent changes in matrix-associated tyrosine kinase activity","volume":"236","author":"Radha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1320229","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor (egf)- and transforming growth factor alpha-stimulated invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer cells can be blocked by antagonism to the egf receptor and tyrosine kinase in vitro","volume":"132","author":"Holting","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1007\/s002680010166","article-title":"Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland","volume":"24","author":"Wells","year":"2000","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031917","article-title":"Antiproliferative effects of src inhibition on medullary thyroid cancer","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2002.128562","article-title":"Inhibition of medullary thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation and ret phosphorylation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors","volume":"132","author":"Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"86","article-title":"Molecular effectors of multiple cell death pathways initiated by photodynamic therapy","volume":"1776","author":"Buytaert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22095","article-title":"Combination with genistein enhances the efficacy of photodynamic therapy against human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells","volume":"44","author":"Ahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2012.01056.x","article-title":"Thymoquinone as an anticancer agent: Evidence from inhibition of cancer cells viability and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo","volume":"27","author":"Attoub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fund. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-07-2088","article-title":"Targeting nuclear factor-kappa b activation pathway by thymoquinone: Role in suppression of antiapoptotic gene products and enhancement of apoptosis","volume":"6","author":"Sethi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-08-0124","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth through suppressing akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways","volume":"7","author":"Yi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.202886","article-title":"The effects of thymoquinone and genistein treatment on telomerase activity, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and survival in thyroid cancer cell lines","volume":"14","author":"Ozturk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2011.04.009","article-title":"Anti-thyroid cancer properties of a novel isoflavone derivative, 7-(o)-carboxymethyl daidzein conjugated to n-t-boc-hexylenediamine in vitro and in vivo","volume":"126","author":"Somjen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0458","article-title":"Growth inhibition of human thyroid carcinoma and goiter cells in vitro by the isoflavone derivative 7-(o)-carboxymethyl daidzein conjugated to n-t-boc-hexylenediamine","volume":"22","author":"Somjen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2012.06.006","article-title":"Anti-proliferative effects of a novel isoflavone derivative in medullary thyroid carcinoma: An in vitro study","volume":"132","author":"Greenman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1352.010","article-title":"Curcumin: Getting back to the roots","volume":"1056","author":"Shishodia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13621","article-title":"Curcumin, the golden nutraceutical: Multitargeting for multiple chronic diseases","volume":"174","author":"Kunnumakkara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"4010","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha is a positive factor in solid tumor growth","volume":"60","author":"Ryan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.015032","article-title":"The role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (hif-1) in hypoxia induced apoptosis","volume":"57","author":"Greijer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370214555665","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits hypoxia-induced migration in k1 papillary thyroid cancer cells","volume":"240","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-013-1173-y","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits the metastasis of k1 papillary thyroid cancer cells via modulating e-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.10.024","article-title":"The mechanism underlying proliferation-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of curcumin on papillary thyroid cancer cells","volume":"132","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010921730952","article-title":"Fibronectin activates matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion via the mek1-mapk and the pi3k-akt pathways in ovarian cancer cells","volume":"18","author":"Thant","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metast."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.06.006","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits the invasion of thyroid cancer cells via down-regulation of pi3k\/akt signaling pathway","volume":"546","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.06.022","article-title":"Cox-2 over-expression correlates with vegf and tumour angiogenesis in canine mammary cancer","volume":"189","author":"Queiroga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2015.1074229","article-title":"Combinatorial anticancer effects of curcumin and sorafenib towards thyroid cancer cells via pi3k\/akt and erk pathways","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2016.01.006","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits metastasis in human papillary thyroid carcinoma bcpap cells via down-regulation of the tgf-beta\/smad2\/3 signaling pathway","volume":"341","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"167","article-title":"Targeting transcription factor nf-kappab to overcome chemoresistance and radioresistance in cancer therapy","volume":"1805","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-017-2380-z","article-title":"Curcumin induces g2\/m arrest, apoptosis, nf-kappab inhibition, and expression of differentiation genes in thyroid carcinoma cells","volume":"143","author":"Schwertheim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2014.29.1.54","article-title":"Curcumin enhances docetaxel-induced apoptosis of 8505c anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells","volume":"29","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2478\/intox-2014-0011","article-title":"Radiosensitive effect of curcumin on thyroid cancer cell death induced by radioiodine-131","volume":"7","author":"Hosseinimehr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00681C","article-title":"Induction of ros-independent DNA damage by curcumin leads to g2\/m cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human papillary thyroid carcinoma bcpap cells","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perna, A., De Luca, A., Adelfi, L., Pasquale, T., Varriale, B., and Esposito, T. (2018). Effects of different extracts of curcumin on tpc1 papillary thyroid cancer cell line. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2125-9"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"557","article-title":"Differential effects of natural flavonoids on growth and iodide content in a human na*\/i-symporter-transfected follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line","volume":"150","author":"Romijn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520190310","article-title":"Dietary flavonoids and iodine metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Smit","year":"2003","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"9843675","article-title":"Quercetin-induced cell death in human papillary thyroid cancer (b-cpap) cells","volume":"2016","author":"Kasaci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thyroid Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.797","article-title":"The role of hsp90 in quercetin-induced apoptosis in human papillary thyroid (b-cpap) cancer cells","volume":"75","author":"Kasaci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(02)00818-5","article-title":"Hyperthermia in combined treatment of cancer","volume":"3","author":"Wust","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6878","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6901","article-title":"Targeted near infrared hyperthermia combined with immune stimulation for optimized therapeutic efficacy in thyroid cancer treatment","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2011.26.7.893","article-title":"Antiproliferation and redifferentiation in thyroid cancer cell lines by polyphenol phytochemicals","volume":"26","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21999","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells through suppression of egfr\/erk pathway and cyclin b1\/cdk1 complex","volume":"104","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0614","article-title":"Apigenin in combination with akt inhibition significantly enhances thyrotropin-stimulated radioiodide accumulation in thyroid cells","volume":"24","author":"Lakshmanan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6462","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.312","article-title":"Apoptotic signaling by c-myc","volume":"27","author":"Hoffman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.01.012","article-title":"Apigenin induces c-myc-mediated apoptosis in fro anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells","volume":"369","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00671F","article-title":"Apigenin induces autophagic cell death in human papillary thyroid carcinoma bcpap cells","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.1021\/jf1049408","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3 gallate inhibits invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and tumor growth in oral cancer cells","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.230S","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies","volume":"81","author":"Manach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.11.075","article-title":"Resveratrol: From enhanced biosynthesis and bioavailability to multitargeting chronic diseases","volume":"109","author":"Pannu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/11\/1\/125\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:24:40Z","timestamp":1760185480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/11\/1\/125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["nu11010125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11010125","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]]}}}