{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:49:18Z","timestamp":1790311758822,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,12]],"date-time":"2019-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular calcification is a critical complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because it is predictive of cardiovascular events and mortality. In addition to the traditional mechanisms associated with endothelial dysfunction and the osteoblastic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the regulation of calcification inhibitors, such as calciprotein particles (CPPs) and matrix vesicles plays a vital role in uremic vascular calcification in CKD patients because of the high prevalence of vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K governs the gamma-carboxylation of matrix Gla protein (MGP) for inhibiting vascular calcification, and the vitamin D binding protein receptor is related to vitamin K gene expression. For patients with chronic kidney disease, adequate use of vitamin D supplements may play a role in vascular calcification through modulation of the calciprotein particles and matrix vesicles (MVs).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T12:20:07Z","timestamp":1547468407000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Emerging Role of Vitamins D and K in Modulating Uremic Vascular Calcification: The Aspect of Passive Calcification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yi-Chou","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of 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Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruei-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Brain Disease Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7861-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuh-Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chih","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung City 435, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0907-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzung-Hai","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33305, 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