{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T02:46:06Z","timestamp":1780800366664,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin K is a composite term referring to a group of fat-soluble vitamins that function as a cofactor for the enzyme \u03b3-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), which activates a number of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) involved in haemostasis and vascular and bone health. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suffer from subclinical vitamin K deficiency, suggesting that this represents a population at risk for the biological consequences of poor vitamin K status. This deficiency might be caused by exhaustion of vitamin K due to its high requirements by vitamin K-dependent proteins to inhibit calcification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T12:20:07Z","timestamp":1547468407000},"page":"168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8494-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Cozzolino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Mangano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Galassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Ciceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico &amp; Fondazione D\u2019Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piergiorgio","family":"Messa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico &amp; Fondazione D\u2019Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagar","family":"Nigwekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-03-0147","article-title":"Metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K","volume":"100","author":"Shearer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5505","DOI":"10.3402\/fnr.v56i0.5505","article-title":"Vitamin K: Food composition and dietary intakes","volume":"56","author":"Booth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Nutr. 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