{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:13:07Z","timestamp":1790802787230,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AlgoSource Technologies","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by an excess of lipids and oxidative stress in the liver. Spirulina was reported to possess hypolipemic and antioxidative effects and might counteract NASH development. C57Bl\/6J mice were fed a western diet (WD) during 25 weeks with or without spirulina liquid extract (SLE) at 2 different doses (WDS1 and WDS2 groups) in drinking water. Liver histology, inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed as well as glucose tolerance status, lipid metabolism, and gallbladder bile acid profile. WDS2 gained significantly less weight than WD. Liver weight-to-body weight ratio and plasma alanine aminotransferase were significantly lower in WDS2 mice. A reduced liver fibrosis and NF\u03baBp65 protein expression were measured in the supplemented group as a lower accumulation of superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and thiobarbituric reactive substances. WDS2 mice showed also a preserved glucose tolerance, a strong decrease of plasma cholesterol, and a significant increase of gallbladder ursodeoxycholic acid and \u03b2-muricholic acid. Our findings demonstrate a protective effect of SLE against WD induced NASH that is related to less inflammation and oxidative stress, a preserved glucose tolerance, and less hepatotoxic bile acid profile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T05:41:08Z","timestamp":1547790068000},"page":"194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Spirulina Liquid Extract Protects against Fibrosis Related to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Increases Ursodeoxycholic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marine","family":"Cou\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1280 Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44 093 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNHO), 44 093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2153-4357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Tesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1087 Institut du Thorax, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44 007 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Falew\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1280 Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44 093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Aguesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1280 Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44 093 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNHO), 44 093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika\u00ebl","family":"Croyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1280 Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44 093 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNHO), 44 093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Fizanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 3859, H\u00e9modynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivit\u00e9 Tumorales H\u00e9patiques (HIFIH), 49 933 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Chaigneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 3859, H\u00e9modynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivit\u00e9 Tumorales H\u00e9patiques (HIFIH), 49 933 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Boursier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 3859, H\u00e9modynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivit\u00e9 Tumorales H\u00e9patiques (HIFIH), 49 933 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Ouguerram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1280 Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), INRA, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44 093 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNHO), 44 093 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085","article-title":"Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Dulai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1108","article-title":"Engineered FGF19 eliminates bile acid toxicity and lipotoxicity leading to resolution of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice","volume":"1","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol. 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