{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:14:44Z","timestamp":1787796884833,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NR010009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NR010009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mother\u2019s own milk (MOM) reduces the risk of morbidities in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. When MOM is unavailable, donor breastmilk (DM) is used, with unclear impact on short- and long-term growth. This retrospective analysis compared anthropometric data at six time points from birth to 20\u201324 months corrected age in VLBW infants who received MOM supplements of preterm formula (n = 160) versus fortified DM (n = 161) during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. The cohort was 46% female; mean birth weight and gestational age (GA) were 998 g and 27.3 weeks. Multilevel linear growth models assessed changes in growth z-scores short-term (to NICU discharge) and long-term (post-discharge), controlling for amount of DM or formula received in first 28 days of life, NICU length of stay (LOS), birth GA, and sex. Z-scores for weight and length decreased during hospitalization but increased for all parameters including head circumference post-discharge. Short-term growth was positively associated with LOS and birth GA. A higher preterm formula proportion, but not DM proportion, was associated with slower rates of decline in short-term growth trajectories, but feeding type was unrelated to long-term growth. In conclusion, controlling for total human milk fed, DM did not affect short- or long-term growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T03:52:32Z","timestamp":1548301952000},"page":"241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Impact of Donor Milk on Short- and Long-Term Growth of Very Low Birth Weight Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hoban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Schoeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Esquerra-Zwiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanyaporn K.","family":"Kaenkumchorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Casini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Tobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kousiki","family":"Patra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hospital-Based Medicine, Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"},{"name":"College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aloka L.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajendram, R., Preedy, V.R., and Patel, V.B. (2015). Human milk feedings in the neonatal intensive care unit. 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