{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:49:09Z","timestamp":1778946549843,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,3]],"date-time":"2019-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science &amp; Higher Education","award":["Grant No. 2016\/I\/18-GW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2016\/I\/18-GW"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital birth defects may result in a critical condition affecting the baby, including severe fetal\/neonatal handicap and mortality. Several studies have shown that genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors may have an impact on fetal development and neonatal health. The relevance of essential and toxic elements on fetal development has not yet been fully investigated, and the results of recent research indicate that these elements may be crucial in the assessment of the risk of malformations in neonates. We determined the association between essential and toxic elements and the level of folate in maternal serum (MS) and amniotic fluid (AF), along with neonatal abnormalities. A total of 258 pregnant Polish women in the age group of 17\u201342 years participated in this study. AF and MS were collected during vaginal delivery or during cesarean section. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique was used to determine the levels of various elements in AF and MS. The results of this exploratory study indicate that the levels of essential and toxic elements are associated with fetal and newborn anatomical abnormalities and growth disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T11:31:07Z","timestamp":1549366267000},"page":"328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Associations between the Level of Trace Elements and Minerals and Folate in Maternal Serum and Amniotic Fluid and Congenital Abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4094-7103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafal","family":"Kocylowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, ul. Rzgowska 281\/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"PreMediCare New Med Medical Center, ul. Dru\u017cbickiego 13, 61-693 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Grzesiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, ul. Rzgowska 281\/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1803-1935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Gaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology and Gynecology, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, ul. Rzgowska 281\/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Scientific Laboratory of the Center of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics and Screening, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, ul. Rzgowska 281\/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3649-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktor","family":"Lorenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1211-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Bakinowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Bara\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin S.","family":"von Kaisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7878-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Lamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC  V5Z 4H4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0937-8427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Suliburska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations\u2014Aims and organization of the registry monitoring 300,000 births a year","volume":"46","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j2249","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2249","article-title":"Etiology and clinical presentation of birth defects: Population based study","volume":"357","author":"Feldkamp","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.08.004","article-title":"Micronutrients in pregnancy: Current knowledge and unresolved questions","volume":"30","author":"Berti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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