{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:05:21Z","timestamp":1790895921148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a natural compound with potent antioxidant properties. Its provision through diet does not always allow adequate levels in the human body, and supplementation is often necessary. This bioavailability study intended to explore the plasma concentration levels of a novel CoQ10 oral preparation (COQUN\u00ae, Coenzyme Q10 Miniactives Retard 100 mg capsules) mimicking assumption on a regular basis. Twenty-four healthy adults tested a single dose of CoQ10 100 mg in one day to assess bioavailability. After a one week wash-out period, they were randomly assigned (1:1) to continuous administration for four weeks: Group A (n = 12) 100 mg once a day (OD); and Group B (n = 12) 100 mg twice a day (BID). During the single dose phase, Cmax was observed at 4 h, and the mean values of AUCt and Tmax were 8754 \u03bcg\/mL\u00b7h and 4.29 h, respectively. The multiple dose phase showed increasing plasma levels up to 7 days after the start of administration, and sustained high concentrations during the all administration period. No relevant adverse events were reported. These results show that Miniactives\u00ae technology can release CoQ10 to allow high constant blood concentrations without a sharp decrease. This may be the first step of evidence for a potential new antioxidative treatment in human chronic diseases deserving high CoQ10 levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T03:33:00Z","timestamp":1551411180000},"page":"527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Bioavailability and Sustained Plasma Concentrations of CoQ10 in Healthy Volunteers by a Novel Oral Timed-Release Preparation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3725-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Martucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3116-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Reurean-Pintilei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Consultmed Medical Center, 700547 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anamaria","family":"Manole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Consultmed Medical Center, 700547 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2017.06.008","article-title":"Biochemistry of mitochondrial coenzyme q biosynthesis","volume":"42","author":"Stefely","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390902773037","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 contents in foods and fortification strategies","volume":"50","author":"Pravst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(95)00028-3","article-title":"Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone function","volume":"1271","author":"Ernster","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.04.156","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: A 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens","volume":"167","author":"Alehagen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.06.008","article-title":"The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. Results from Q-SYMBIO: A randomized double-blind trial","volume":"2","author":"Mortensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare3020296","article-title":"Supplementation of Coenzyme Q10 among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.10.1541","article-title":"Effects of coenzyme Q10 in early parkinson disease. evidence of slowing of the functional decline","volume":"59","author":"Shults","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huntington Study Group (2001). A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 and remacemide in Huntington\u2019s disease. Neurology, 57, 397\u2013404.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.397"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.244781","article-title":"Evidence on neuroprotective properties of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of glaucoma","volume":"14","author":"Martucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2012.08.004","article-title":"Brain involvement in glaucoma: Advanced neuroimaging for understanding and monitoring a new target for therapy","volume":"13","author":"Nucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-013-0956-x","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates oxidative stress and prevents mitochondrial alteration in ischemic retinal injury","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318279b836","article-title":"Effects of coenzyme Q10 in conjunction with vitamin E on retinal-evoked and cortical-evoked responses in patients with open-angle glaucoma","volume":"23","author":"Parisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"37","article-title":"Bioavailability of two different formulations of coenzyme Q10 in healthy subjects","volume":"7","author":"Wahlqvist","year":"1998","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.26.52","article-title":"Total coenzyme Q10 concentrations in Asian men following multiple oral 50-mg doses administered as coenzyme Q10 sustained release tablets or regular tablets","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"42","article-title":"Relative bioavailability comparison of different coenzyme Q10 formulations with a novel delivery system","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Altern. Ther. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP41042","article-title":"Comparative bioavailability of two novel coenzyme Q10 preparations in humans","volume":"41","author":"Joshi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520250127","article-title":"Effect on absorption and oxidative stress of different oral Coenzyme Q10 dosages and intake strategy in healthy men","volume":"25","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520180221","article-title":"Serum coenzyme Q10 concentrations in healthy men supplemented with 30 mg or 100 mg coenzyme Q10 for two months in a randomised controlled study","volume":"18","author":"Zita","year":"2003","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitetta, L., Leong, A., Zhou, J., Dal Forno, S., Hall, S., and Rutolo, D. (2018). The plasma bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 absorbed from the gut and the oral mucosa. J. Funct. Biomater., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb9040073"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760600617843","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10: Absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics","volume":"40","author":"Bhagavan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/11\/3\/527\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:35:22Z","timestamp":1760186122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/11\/3\/527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nu11030527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11030527","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]}}}