{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:43:24Z","timestamp":1791837804738,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,3]],"date-time":"2019-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23118004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23118004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K10211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K10211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18dk0307075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18dk0307075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18dk0307081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18dk0307081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple studies on the dynamics of inflammatory cytokines in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have been published, although results are not consistent among reports. Thus the pathophysiologic roles of these cytokines are not clear. We performed an exploratory analysis that included (1) comparisons of plasma interleukin-18 (IL-18) concentrations between patients with AN (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 39), and (2) correlations between body mass index (BMI) and IL-18 concentrations in both groups, exploring the relationship between malnourishment and IL-18. Plasma IL-18 levels were significantly decreased in patients with AN compared with controls. Plasma IL-18 levels correlated to BMI in controls, but not in patients with AN. These results suggest that a decline in plasma IL-18 levels in patients with AN is not only due to malnourishment, but other pathophysiologic changes as well. IL-18 has a role in the brain\u2019s reaction to sadness and chronic stress. Therefore, decreased levels of IL-18 may commonly occur in patients with chronic AN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T05:45:36Z","timestamp":1551678336000},"page":"540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Decline of Plasma Concentrations of Interleukin-18 in Severely Malnourished Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Exploratory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7101-0690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Oya-Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Shubun University, Ichinomiya 491-0938, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control and Prevention, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Furuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Imaeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohko","family":"Kunimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"},{"name":"Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00356-9","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa: Aetiology, assessment, and treatment","volume":"2","author":"Zipfel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002608","article-title":"Cytokine production by blood mononuclear cells from in-patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"88","author":"Nova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. 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